骨化三醇

骨化三醇
臨床資料
读音美國 /ˌkælsɪˈtrɒl/;[1][2][3][4][5]
英國 /kælˈsɪtriɒl/
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureRocaltrol, Calcijex, Decostriol, others
其他名稱1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1α,25-(OH)2D3, 1,25(OH)2D[6]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682335
核准狀況
懷孕分級
给药途径口服給藥, 靜脈注射[7]
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
血漿蛋白結合率99.9%
药物代谢
生物半衰期5–8小時 (成人), 27小時 (兒童)
排泄途徑糞便 (50%), 尿液 (16%)
识别信息
  • (1R,3S)-5-[2-[(1R,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H- inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidene-cyclohexane-1,3-diol
CAS号32222-06-3  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB配體ID
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.046.315 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C27H44O3
摩尔质量416.65 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • C[C@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\C=C/3\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)O)O)C
  • InChI=1S/C27H44O3/c1-18(8-6-14-26(3,4)30)23-12-13-24-20(9-7-15-27(23,24)5)10-11-21-16-22(28)17-25(29)19(21)2/h10-11,18,22-25,28-30H,2,6-9,12-17H2,1,3-5H3/b20-10+,21-11-/t18-,22-,23-,24+,25+,27-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N checkY

骨化三醇(英語:Calcitriol,又称为1,25-二羟胆钙化醇或是1,25-二羟维生素D3)是维生素D的活性形式,在正常的情況下由臟製造。它是一種激素[8]可結合並激活細胞核中的維生素D受體英语vitamin D receptor,而增加許多基因的表達。[9]骨化三醇主要透過增加腸道的吸收來增加血液中的鈣質 (鈣離子,Ca2+)。[7]在调节血钙与血磷浓度方面有重要作用。

生物合成

7-脱氢胆固醇在皮肤内经紫外线的照射下生成胆钙化醇(维生素D3),后者在肝脏中经羟化酶系的作用下羟化为25-羟胆钙化醇,继而经血液被转运到肾臟,肾脏近曲小管细胞中的CYP27B1(細胞色素 P450 27B1)将25-羟胆钙化醇羟化为1,25-二羟胆钙化醇。

骨化三醇合成

当血液中维生素D、钙、磷的含量下降时,1,25-二羟胆钙化醇生成量會增加。副甲狀腺素会增加肾脏中CYP27B1的活性,使得1,25-二羟胆钙化醇生成量增多,可协同副甲狀腺素增加血钙。

生理作用

  • 加速合成钙结合蛋白,而使得肠道吸收钙质。
  • 促进肠道吸收磷。
  • 同时增加破骨细胞成骨细胞的数量,但对前者的效应要高于后者,故总体来说是增加血钙。
  • 增强肾小管对钙和磷的重吸收,而减少尿液中钙的流失。

故总体来说,骨化三醇可增加血液中钙和磷的含量。

骨化三醇的作用原理很多情况下是通过与维生素D受体(VDR)结合,例如小肠上皮细胞细胞质中的受体与骨化三醇结合而成的配体-受体复合物转移到到细胞核中作为促进钙结合蛋白的编码基因的表达的转录因子,钙结合蛋白增加使细胞主动运输更多的钙离子,而提高钙离子吸收水平。吸收钙离子同时为维持电中性也需要运输阴离子,主要是吸收无机磷酸根离子,所以骨化三醇也可促进磷的吸收。[10]

医疗应用

骨化三醇被用于治疗低血钙症、副腎上腺功能减退症(成人)、骨質軟化佝偻病(婴幼儿)、慢性肾脏病肾性骨病骨质疏松症,预防糖皮质素引起的骨质疏松症。[11]骨化三醇和其他维生素D受体-配体类似物在调节血钙之外方面的应用也通过验证。[12]其口服劑用于治疗乾癣[13]乾癬性關節炎[14]但对乾癣的疗效证据尚不充分。[15]维生素D类似物钙泊三醇是比较常用的治疗乾癣药物。

副作用

骨化三醇可作為治療腎病變引起的低血鈣症和副甲狀腺功能亢進症、副甲狀腺功能昂進症引起的低血鈣症、骨質疏鬆症、骨質軟化症和家族性低磷血症(familial hypophosphatemia)。[7][16]給藥方式為透過口服或是靜脈注射[7]過量使用會導致虛弱、頭痛噁心便秘泌尿道感染和腹痛等副作用。[7][16]嚴重的副作用有高血鈣過敏性休克[7]建議個體在開始用藥和改變劑量之後要定期進行血液檢查。[16]

相对于其他的维生素D化合物在临床上的使用(胆钙化醇麦角钙化醇),骨化三醇有更高诱导高血钙症的风险。然而由于其相对短的生物半衰期,副作用也相对容易处理。[11]

代謝

骨化三醇在體內的生物半衰期以小時為單位,而其前體骨化二醇的生物半衰期以週為單位。[17]骨化三醇透過進一步羥基化形成1,24,25-三羥基維生素D、活性維生素 D3酸英语calcitroic acid而失去活性。這是透過CYP24A1的作用而發生。[18]活性維生素 D3酸更易溶於水,會隨膽汁和尿液排出。

歷史

骨化三醇於1971年首次由在美國教授Hector DeLuca英语Hector DeLuca所主持實驗室中工作的麥克·H.·郝力克英语Michael F. Holick,另外還有安東尼·諾曼英语Anthony W. Norman及其同事們[19][20]所發現。[21]

骨化三醇於1971年被確定為維生素D的活性形式,於1978年在美國被批准用作醫療用途。[7]它有通用名藥物在市面販售。[16]它是美國於2021年排名第258最常使用的處方藥,開立的處方箋數量超過100萬張。[22][23]

此藥品已被列入世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單之中。[24]

社會與文化

骨化三醇有多種商品名,如Rocaltrol (羅氏藥廠)、Calcijex (亞培)、Decostriol (Mibe藥廠、Jesalis藥廠)、Vectical (Galderma藥廠英语Galderma) 和 Rolsical (太陽製藥)。

参考资料

  1. ^ Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier, [2024-03-05], (原始内容存档于2014-01-11). 
  2. ^ Wolters Kluwer, Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Wolters Kluwer, [2024-03-05], (原始内容存档于2015-09-25). 
  3. ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, [2024-03-05], (原始内容存档于2020-10-10). 
  4. ^ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, [2015-09-25], (原始内容存档于25 September 2015). 
  5. ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, [2015-09-25], (原始内容存档于2020-05-25). 
  6. ^ IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN): Nomenclature of vitamin D. Recommendations 1981. European Journal of Biochemistry. May 1982, 124 (2): 223–227. PMID 7094913. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06581.x可免费查阅. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Calcitriol Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [9 April 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-13) (英语). 
  8. ^ "Nomenclature of Vitamin D. Recomendations 1981. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)" reproduced at the Queen Mary University of London website. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
  9. ^ Norman AW. From vitamin D to hormone D: fundamentals of the vitamin D endocrine system essential for good health. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. August 2008, 88 (2): 491S–499S. PMID 18689389. doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.2.491S可免费查阅. 
  10. ^ Voet, Donald; Voet, Judith G. (2004). Biochemistry. Volume one. Biomolecules, mechanisms of enzyme action, and metabolism, 3rd edition, pp. 663–664. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-25090-2.
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3
  12. ^ Sunil Nagpal, Songqing Na, Radhakrishnan Rathnachalam. Noncalcemic actions of vitamin D receptor ligands. Endocrine Reviews. 2005-8, 26 (5): 662–687 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 0163-769X. doi:10.1210/er.2004-0002. (原始内容存档于2020-05-05).  .
  13. ^ Smith, Ellen L.; Pincus, Stephanie H.; Donovan, Lynne; Holick, Michael F. A novel approach for the evaluation and treatment of psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (Elsevier BV). 1988, 19 (3): 516–528. ISSN 0190-9622. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(88)70207-8. 
  14. ^ Huckins, David; Felson, David T.; Holick, Michael. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a pilot study. Arthritis & Rheumatism (Wiley-Blackwell). 1990, 33 (11): 1723–1727. ISSN 0004-3591. doi:10.1002/art.1780331117. 
  15. ^ Calcitriol. In: Klasco RK, editor. Drugdex system. vol 128. Greenwood Village (CO): Thomson Micromedex; 2006.
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 British national formulary : BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 1050–1051. ISBN 9780857113382. 
  17. ^ Brandi ML. Indications on the use of vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites in clinical phenotypes. Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism. September 2010, 7 (3): 243–250. PMC 3213838可免费查阅. PMID 22460535. 
  18. ^ Jones G, Prosser DE, Kaufmann M. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of vitamin D. Journal of Lipid Research. January 2014, 55 (1): 13–31. PMC 3927478可免费查阅. PMID 23564710. doi:10.1194/jlr.R031534可免费查阅. 
  19. ^ Holick MF, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF, Suda T, Cousins RJ. Isolation and identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A metabolite of vitamin D active in intestine. Biochemistry. July 1971, 10 (14): 2799–2804. PMID 4326883. doi:10.1021/bi00790a023. 
  20. ^ Holick MF, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF. Identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D3 metabolically active in the intestine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. April 1971, 68 (4): 803–804. Bibcode:1971PNAS...68..803H. PMC 389047可免费查阅. PMID 4323790. doi:10.1073/pnas.68.4.803可免费查阅. 
  21. ^ Norman AW, Myrtle JF, Midgett RJ, Nowicki HG, Williams V, Popják G. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: identification of the proposed active form of vitamin D3 in the intestine. Science. July 1971, 173 (3991): 51–54. Bibcode:1971Sci...173...51N. PMID 4325863. S2CID 35236666. doi:10.1126/science.173.3991.51. 
  22. ^ The Top 300 of 2021. ClinCalc. [2024-01-14]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-15). 
  23. ^ Calcitriol - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [2024-01-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-08). 
  24. ^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021. hdl:10665/345533可免费查阅. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02. 

Template:Vitamin D receptor modulators

Read other articles:

この記事には複数の問題があります。改善やノートページでの議論にご協力ください。 出典がまったく示されていないか不十分です。内容に関する文献や情報源が必要です。(2013年12月) ほとんどまたは完全に一つの出典に頼っています。(2013年12月) 一次資料や記事主題の関係者による情報源に頼って書かれています。(2013年12月) 独立記事作成の目安を満たしてい

 

In this Japanese name, the surname is Fujiwara. Empress consort of Japan Fujiwara no Tamako藤原璋子Portrait owned by Hōkongō-in (法金剛院)Empress consort of JapanTenureFebruary 18, 1118 – December 31, 1124Born1101DiedSeptember 10, 1145(1145-09-10) (aged 43–44)SpouseEmperor TobaIssue Emperor Sutoku Princess Yoshiko Prince Michihito Prince Kimihito Princess Muneko Emperor Go-Shirakawa Prince Motohito HouseYamatoFatherFujiwara no Kinzane (藤原公実)MotherFujiwara no Mitsuko (

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (سبتمبر 2019) NGC 4015-2   الكوكبة الهلبة  رمز الفهرس NGC 4015-2KCPG 314BPGC 37703 (فهرس المجرات الرئيسية)CAIRNS J115843.22+250237.8 (Cluster and Infall Region Nearby Survey)KPG 314b (Catalogue of isolated pairs of galaxies in the northern hemisph...

Times Like These kan verwijzen naar: Times like these (Gary Burton), een album van Gary Burton uit 1988 Times Like These (Foo Fighters), een nummer van Foo Fighters uit 2003 Bekijk alle artikelen waarvan de titel begint met Times Like These of met Times Like These in de titel. Dit is een doorverwijspagina, bedoeld om de verschillen in betekenis of gebruik van Times Like These inzichtelijk te maken. Op deze pagina staat een uitleg van de verschillende betekenissen van ...

 

1957 live album by The WeaversThe Weavers at Carnegie HallLive album by The WeaversReleasedApril 1957RecordedDecember 24, 1955GenrefolkLength44:44LabelVanguardThe Weavers chronology We Wish You a Merry Christmas(1952) The Weavers at Carnegie Hall(1957) Folk Songs Around the World(1959) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1] The Weavers at Carnegie Hall (1957) is the second album by the Weavers. The concert was recorded live at Carnegie Hall in New York City o...

 

Buddhist temple in Zhejiang, China This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ningbo Baoguo Si 2013.07.27 10-24-13 29°58′57″N 121°30′58″E / 29.98250°N 121.51611°E / 29.98250; 121.51611 The Baoguo Temple (simplified Ch...

جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالتصويت الاقتراعورقة اقتراع اقتراع غيابي اقتراع مؤقت نموذج ورقة اقتراع  [لغات أخرى]‏ المرشحون و‌مقاييس الاقتراع مرشح الكتابة  [لغات أخرى]‏ دائرة انتخابية قائمة المرشحين المؤقتة بطاقة الجمع صندوق أوراق الاقتراع تصويت إجباري تصويت مب...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (أغسطس 2019) هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسي...

 

For the famous composer, see Annamacharya. 1997 Indian filmAnnamayyaTheatrical release posterDirected byK. Raghavendra RaoWritten byJ. K. Bharavi (Story / Dialogues)Screenplay byK. Raghavendra RaoProduced byV. Doraswamy RajuStarringNagarjunaMohan BabuSumanRamya KrishnaRojaBhanupriyaKasthuriCinematographyA. VincentAjayan Vincent (Special effects)Edited byA. Sreekar PrasadMusic byM. M. KeeravaniProductioncompanyVMC ProductionsRelease date 11 November 1997 (1997-11-11) Running tim...

George LarkinMotion Picture News, 1919Lahir(1887-11-11)11 November 1887New York, New YorkMeninggal27 Maret 1946(1946-03-27) (umur 58)New York, New YorkPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1910–1931Suami/istriOllie Kirkby George Larkin (11 November 1887 – 27 Maret 1946) adalah seorang pemeran film Amerika Serikat pada era film bisu. Ia tampil dalam 153 film antara 1910 dan 1931. Ia lahir dan meninggal di New York, New York. Ia menikahi pemeran Ollie Kirkby. Filmografi pilihan...

 

Swedish middle-distance runner Nils FrykbergPersonal informationBorn13 March 1888Uppsala, SwedenDied13 December 1966 (aged 78)Gävle, SwedenSportSportAthleticsEvent800–5000 mClubIFK GävleAchievements and titlesPersonal best(s)800 m – 2:01.8 (1917)1500 m – 4:05.3 (1913) Mile – 4:25.1 (1913)5000 m – 15:26.3 (1917)[1][2] Medal record Representing  Sweden Olympic Games 1912 Stockholm 3000 m team race Nils Frykberg (13 March 1888 – 13 December 1966) was a Swedish ...

 

Brazilian singer-songwriter (born 1996) In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Oliveira and the second or paternal family name is Sena. Marina SenaSena in 2023BornMarina de Oliveira Sena26 September 1996 (1996-09-26) (age 27)Taiobeiras, Minas Gerais, BrazilOccupations singer songwriter Years active2014–presentHeight172 cm (5 ft 8 in)Musical careerGenresMPB,pop, indie, experimental Musical artistWebsitehttps://marinasena.com Marina de ...

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Manila – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2019) Hospital in Manila, PhilippinesOur Lady of Lourdes HospitalMetro Pacific Investments CorporationShow map of Metro ManilaShow map of LuzonShow map of...

 

Brazilian singer-songwriter Gabriela RochaGabriela Rocha in 2020Background informationBorn (1994-03-13) 13 March 1994 (age 29)São Paulo, BrazilGenresContemporary Christian music, contemporary worship music, pop rockOccupation(s)Singer, songwriterInstrument(s)VocalsYears active2007–presentLabelsSony Music, OnimusicWebsitegabrielarocha.com.brMusical artist Gabriela Rocha Corrêa Moreira (born March 13, 1994) is a Brazilian Christian worship singer and songwriter. She is one of the main ...

 

Political status of Puerto Rico within the U.S. Politics of Puerto Rico Constitution and law United States Constitution Puerto Rico Constitution Puerto Rico law Executive Governor Cabinet Chief of Staff Executive departments Fiscal agent and financing Government-owned corporations Line of succession Office of the Governor Transition process First Lady Legislative Legislature: 17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico Senate: 26th Senate of Puerto Rico President of the Senate: Thomas Rivera Sch...

Ramiro Marra Ramiro Marra en 2023 Legislador de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires Actualmente en el cargo Desde el 10 de diciembre del 2021 Presidente del Partido Libertario Actualmente en el cargo Desde el 15 de octubre de 2023[1]​Predecesor Cargo creado Información personalNombre completo Ramiro Daniel MarraNacimiento 20 de noviembre de 1982 (41 años)Buenos Aires, ArgentinaNacionalidad Argentina y españolaCiudadanía ArgentinaFamiliaPadres Daniel Marra María Cristina MoreirasEducaci...

 

Railway station in Gujarat, India Palitana railway station Indian Railways stationGeneral informationLocationPalitana, GujaratIndiaCoordinates21°32′16″N 71°49′22″E / 21.537674°N 71.822890°E / 21.537674; 71.822890Elevation63 m (206.7 ft)Owned byMinistry of Railways, Indian RailwaysOperated byWestern RailwayLine(s)Palitana–Sihor sectionPlatforms2Tracks3ConstructionStructure typeStandard (on ground)ParkingNoBicycle facilitiesNoOther informationStat...

 

1954 film by Fritz Lang For the silent film, see Human Desire (1919 film). Human DesireTheatrical release posterDirected byFritz LangScreenplay byAlfred HayesBased onthe novel La Bête humaine1890 novelby Émile ZolaProduced byLewis J. RachmilStarring Glenn Ford Gloria Grahame Broderick Crawford CinematographyBurnett GuffeyEdited byAaron StellMusic byDaniele AmfitheatrofColor processBlack and whiteProductioncompanyColumbia PicturesDistributed byColumbia PicturesRelease date August 6,...

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Victory Canteen – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Victory CanteenPage from the Ivar Theatre programMusicRichard M. Sherman Robert B. ShermanLyricsRichard M. Sherman Robert B. Sherma...

 

Village in Southern Transdanubia, HungarySomogyegres Németegres (until 1931)Village Coat of armsSomogyegresLocation of SomogyegresCoordinates: 46°40′40″N 18°01′35″E / 46.67779°N 18.02643°E / 46.67779; 18.02643Country HungaryRegionSouthern TransdanubiaCountySomogyDistrictTabRC DioceseKaposvárArea • Total10.81 km2 (4.17 sq mi)Population (2017) • Total163[1]Demonym(s)egresi, somogyegresiTime zoneUTC+1 ...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!