1795年,法国占领了荷兰七省(Seven Provinces),这刺激大英帝国立即于同年占领了开普地区,意在更好地进行海上控制,阻止法国进入印度的任何可能。英国派出一支由9艘战舰组成的舰队,在西蒙斯敦(英语:Simon's Town)下锚,随着荷兰在梅森堡战役(英语:Battle of Muizenberg)的失败,英国立即占领了该地区。1798年,荷兰东印度公司将所有领地转交给巴达维亚共和国(荷属),1799年宣布解散。随着英国与法国拿破仑政府的关系交好,并鉴于巴达维亚共和国的附庸地位,1803年英国(根据《亚眠和平协议》的相关内容)将开普殖民地转让给巴达维亚共和国。
1806年,英国取得布劳乌堡战役的胜利,再次占领名义上归巴达维亚共和国管辖的开普地区。英国与法国之间的短暂和平已经结束,双方陷入交战,同时拿破仑加强了对巴达维亚共和国的干涉(随后拿破仑也于同年撤销)。英国在1806年1月8号建立了殖民地,希望将拿破仑的势力赶出开普地区,从而控制远东贸易路线。1814年,荷兰政府根据《伦敦协定(英语:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814)》(即1814年《英荷条约》)的有关内容,正式将开普地区的主权转让给英国。
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