考古发现早在欧洲人抵达此地2000年前即有北美游牧民族在此生活。公元1000年左右,原住民开始种植玉米,并在随后的几百年间建立了要塞。法国探险家雅克·卡蒂埃他于1535年航行到圣劳伦斯湾并溯圣劳伦斯河而上,发现了蒙特利尔,并命名了皇家山,蒙特利尔后来便以此得名。六十八年后,法国探索家萨缪尔·德·尚普兰报道称圣劳伦斯河的易洛魁人和他们的定居点开始消失,造成此现象的原因可能是迁徙、欧洲人带来的传染病及部落间的战争。1611年,尚普兰在蒙特利尔岛上建立了皮毛交易站,并将这块地区命名为La Place Royale,意为皇室之地。
蒙特利尔的地下城(法語:La ville souterraine,或称RÉSO)指市中心附近和地下建筑、通道、地铁交通系统联通的综合性住宅商业中心。地下城也被称为室内的城市,并非所有的部分都在地下。地下城由32多公里长,占地12平方公里的地道构成,包括有市中心80%的办公室和35%商业面积。服务包括购物中心,旅馆,办公,银行,博物馆,七个地铁站,两个火车站,一个长途汽车终点站(蒙特利尔汽车站)和一个冰上曲棍球場(贝尔中心)。地下城有120多个出口,迎送50多万进出人流,对于蒙特利尔有着相对漫长的冬季的这个大城市来说,是躲避严峻的寒冬和繁忙的交通的理想去处。由于地下城的原因,蒙特利尔常被称为“二城合一”[來源請求]。
蒙特利尔的金融业也占据着举足轻重的地位,加拿大诸多银行的总部均设于此。如加拿大第一大银行加拿大皇家银行(Banque royale du Canada)、第四大银行蒙特利尔银行(Banque de Montréal)(以上两家银行的法定总部位于蒙特利尔,而公司运营总部则迁至多伦多)、第六大银行加拿大国家银行(Banque nationale du Canada)、加鼎银行(Caisses Desjardins)、劳伦银行(Banque Laurentienne)等。而位于市区的魁北克储蓄投资基金(Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec,简称la Caisse)则是加拿大最大的退休金基金会。[36]截止至2008年12月31日,该基金总共掌管着2204亿加元。
蒙特利尔教学服务中心(Centre de services scolaire de Montréal, CSSM, 原称Commission scolaire de Montréal, CSDM)是蒙特利尔的法语教委。蒙特利尔英语教育局(英文:English Montreal School Board, EMSB, 法文:Commission scolaire English-Montréal, CSEM)是蒙特利尔的英文的教育局。
此外,蒙特利尔的锐舞和独立音乐场景也同样兴盛。自1990年代以来,地下锐舞文化已成为许多年轻人成长的标志性经历。该市的锐舞活动通常在仓库或废弃建筑中举行,创造出一种独特的亚文化氛围。同时,独立音乐在蒙特利尔也有着根深蒂固的传统,许多乐队如Arcade Fire,Godspeed You! Black Emperor,Grimes等都在这里起步,他们的音乐不仅在本地,而且在国际上都受到了高度评价。
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