According to Baumer[3] he ruled from 579 to circa 602/03. Baumer notes that the better-documented Tardu ruled from 575 to 603. According to de La Vaissere, the unnamed Turkic ruler who was in correspondence with Emperor Maurice was Niri.[4]
Family
He was the grandson of Muqan Qaghan. His Chinese wife Lady Xiang (向氏) was married to his brother Poshi Tegin (婆實特勤) after his death and submitted to the Tang during end of the Kaiyuan era.[5] However, his exact death date remains problematic. According to Chavannes, he died in 603 in a battle during the rebellion.[6] Osawa on the other hand, states he died in 599.[7] He was survived by his son Heshana Khagan.
^Christoph Baumer, History of Central Asia, volume 2, page 198, referencing Liu Mao-Tsai, Die Chinesischen Nachrichten..,1958
^Ötüken'den İstanbul'a Türkçenin 1290 Yılı (720-2010) Sempozyumu: bildiriler = From Ötüken to İstanbul, 1290 Years of Turkish (720-2010): papers. Ölmez, Mehmet. İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi. 2011. ISBN9786055592738. OCLC976465442.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Chavannes, Édouard (1903). Documents sur les Tou-Kiue [Turcs] occidentaux (in French). Paris: Libr. d'Amérique et d'Orient : A. Maisonneuve. OCLC491349744.