美国司法部

 美国聯邦政府機構
美国司法部
United States Department of Justice
美國司法部標誌
美國司法部旗幟
機構概要
成立時間1870年6月22日
1870年7月1日
機構類型司法部美国联邦行政部门
机构驻地 美国華盛頓特區西北區賓夕法尼亞大道950號羅伯特·F·肯尼迪司法部大樓
僱員數目11.3114万人
年度預算額299亿美元
机构首长部長梅里克·加兰
常务副部长莉薩·莫納科
助理部長:凡妮塔·古普塔英语Vanita Gupta
訟務次長伊莉莎白·普雷洛加爾英语Elizabeth Prelogar
上级部门美國聯邦政府
下設机构联邦调查局
美國菸酒槍炮及爆裂物管理局
美国缉毒局
美国法警
美國聯邦監獄管理局
授權法源1789年司法法案[*]
網站www.justice.gov
影像资料

美國司法部總部-羅伯特·弗朗西斯·甘迺迪大廈

美国司法部(英語:United States Department of Justice),是美国聯邦政府的一个行政部門,其部長為美国内阁閣員之一。負責的任务是保障法律的施行、维护美国政府的法律利益、保障法律对美国所有公民平等和打擊國內或跨國的犯罪等。美國司法部相當於其他國家的司法部或內政部。

其部門首長稱為美國司法部長(Attorney General)。現任部長為梅里克·加兰。司法部另设常务副部长、助理部长及訟務次長。由司法部管理的联邦执法机构包括:联邦调查局(FBI)、美国法警(USMS)、美國聯邦監獄管理局(BOP)、美国烟酒枪炮及爆炸物管理局(ATF)、美国缉毒局(DEA)及美国司法部监察长办公室(OIG)。

历史

美国於1789年设立了檢察總長(Attorney General)一职,此職務起初為兼職職務,其任务是为美国国会和总统提供法律咨询,但随着美国聯邦政府官僚机构的扩大,这个职务的工作量也不断增大,1819年时已无法继续充当国会和政府的法律顾问。

1870年6月22日,美国国会决定建立司法部,此部门于1870年7月1日正式執行職務。这个部门的增設对檢察總長(即美國司法部長)的任务、薪金和地位都没有改变。在聯邦司法部長之下,另設聯邦訟務次長(Solicitor General),其任务是在法律纠纷中在美国最高法院代表美国政府參加訟辯。不過在比較重要的法律案當中,仍舊由聯邦司法部長出席法庭審理。

机构设置

美国司法部设美国司法部长(Attorney General,美国行政等级第一级)、常务副部长[1](Deputy Attorney General,行政等级第二级)、訟務次長(Solicitor General,行政等级第三级〔相当于副部长级〕)、助理部长(Associate Attorney General,行政等级第四级〔相当于司局级〕)等官员职位。

参考文献

  1. ^ 张领. 孟建柱会见美国司法部常务副部长罗森斯坦. 新华网. [2024-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-07). 

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