特德·伍尔西

特德·伍尔西
Ted Woolsey
职业电子游戏翻译、制作人
活跃时期1991年–
知名作品《最终幻想VI》、《聖劍傳說2》、《超级马力欧RPG》、《时空之轮》

特德·伍尔西（英語：Ted Woolsey）是美国电子游戏翻译者、制作人。传主1991年至1996年间就职于史克威尔，负责公司《最终幻想IV》、《时空之轮》等超级任天堂游戏的北美本地化。因美国任天堂当时有内容审查，加之游戏卡带有容量限制，伍尔西翻译时常会删改脚本。「伍尔西式翻译」所获反响两极。

1996年，伍尔西因史克威尔美国部门搬迁之故辞职。之后伍尔西转型制作人，先后就职于Crave Entertainment、RealNetworks、Microsoft Studios、Undead Labs等公司。

传略

史克威尔时期

伍尔西生于美国，青年时在日本生活学习了五年。他在加州大學聖塔芭芭拉分校取得文学学士学位，主修英语文学专业；之后他又攻读华盛顿大学的日本文学研究生，获得硕士学位[1][2]。1991年，伍尔西放弃刚攻读的博士学位，加入史克威尔在华盛顿州雷德蒙德设立的美国工作室[3][4]。彼时史克威尔彼时尚无本地化部门，而当时发售的英文版《最终幻想VI》由懂些英语的日本史克威尔员工翻译，并由一位财务部员工和一位高级副总裁利用非工作时间修订[3][5]。伍尔西在史克威尔的首项工作是本地化《时空之霸者 沙加3 ［完结篇］》。公司安排派他校对翻译，以免重蹈《最终幻想IV》粗劣翻译之覆辙[6]。他亦基本完成《最终幻想V》的翻译，惟史克威尔取消了海外版发售计划[3]。

因1993年美國國會電子遊戲聽證會之故，当时的美国任天堂对暴力、色情、宗教、脏话等「争议内容」极度小心[7]。伍尔西遇到此类台词时，只得跳过或改写[8]。翻译《最终幻想VI》时，他已相当熟悉美国任天堂的政策，会在兼顾原文和戏剧性的同时，主动修改可能违反政策的内容。例如，他将凱夫卡的台词「Hī kusō!」（ヒーーー　くっそー！，嘿，妈的！）改为「Son of a submariner!」（潜艇员养的！）[9]。此外，表达同样内容时英文所用的字符数约为日文的两倍，而超级任天堂卡带容量有限，故伍尔西只得简化译文[8]。伍尔西式翻译毁誉参半[8]；传主亦称他同时收到过粉丝邮件和威胁信[5]。伍尔西还翻译了《最终幻想 神秘历险》、《聖劍傳說2》》、《时空之轮》和《龙战士》。除翻译外，他亦负责营销工作[5]。

史克威尔时期之后

伍尔西在史克威尔的最后工作是翻译《超级马力欧RPG》。1996年，时值《最终幻想VII》本地化前，史克威尔美国办公室迁至洛杉矶，伍尔西辞职留在华盛顿。他转租史克威尔的办公室，和几名同事创办公司Big Rain，就任营销商业部副总裁[6]。随后公司迁至西雅图并由Crave收购，伍尔西担任内部工作室Crave Entertainment的开发副总裁，监督开发日式角色扮演风格游戏《暗影疯狂》[4][6]。游戏1999年发售，表现不佳。之后伍尔西离开Crave，加入RealNetworks，担任商业开发总监，管理网络游戏客户端RealArcade[4]。2000年至2004年间，他负责就RealArcade分发问题与出版商和互联网服务供应商打交道，并参与了RealArcade登陆日本市场的工作[6]。

2007年，伍尔西加入微軟遊戲工作室（現今Xbox游戏工作室），担任第一方游戏高级总监，负责Xbox Live Arcade服务[10]，以及《地狱边境》、《塵埃：幸福的尾巴》、《殺手本能 (2013年遊戲)》、《奧里與迷失森林》等Xbox游戏。2015年，他就任Undead Labs总经理；此前他在微软工作时，曾就《腐烂国度》开发与Undead Labs联络了4年[11]。

作品

作品 年份 平台 备注 参
最终幻想 神秘历险 1992 超級任天堂 翻译、编剧 [5]
时空之霸者 沙加3 ［完结篇］ 1993 Game Boy 翻译 [6]
聖劍傳說2 1993 超級任天堂 翻译 [3]
龙战士 1994 超級任天堂 翻译 [6]
最终幻想VI 1994 超級任天堂 翻译 [3]
时空之轮 1995 超級任天堂 翻译 [5]
艾薇莫的秘密 1995 超級任天堂 营销 [5]
超级马力欧RPG 1996 超級任天堂 翻译 [5]
暗影疯狂 1999 PlayStation 制作 [2]

参考文献

  1. ^ Ted Woolsey: Former Member, Advisory Board. Asian Languages and Literature Institute, University of Washington. [2016-03-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-10）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Vestal, Andrew. Interview with Ted Woolsey. The GIA. April 29, 1999 [2016-03-09]. （原始内容存档于March 11, 2016）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Szczepaniak, John. Localization: Confessions by Industry Legends. Hardcore Gaming 101. 2009-08-31 [2016-03-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-09）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 IGDA Online Games Committee. IGDA Online Games White Paper (PDF). IGDA.com. 2002 [2007-09-12]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-29）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Johnston, Chris. Transcript of Ted Woolsey interview. Player One Podcast. February 15, 2007 [2020-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-10）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Cifaldi, Frank. Playing Catch-Up: Ted Woolsey. Gamasutra.com. August 29, 2005 [2007-09-12]. （原始内容存档于October 7, 2012）. 
  7. ^ Mandelin, Clyde. Legends of Localization: Game Localization and Nintendo of America's Content Policies in the 1990s (NSFW). Legends of Localization. 2018-09-10 [2020-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-26）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Oxford, Nadia. Ted Woolsey Remembers Final Fantasy 6, Evading Nintendo's Censorship Rules, and the Early Days of Localization. USgamer. May 5, 2020 [2020-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-08）. 
  9. ^ Mandelin, Clyde. How Kefka's Famous "Son of a Submariner" Works in Japanese. Legends of Localization. 2013-06-26 [2020-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-26）. 
  10. ^ DirtyDiva. Gamerscore Blog : XBLA - Want More? Got More!. Gamerscoreblog. Microsoft. 2008-09-24 [2008-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2009-04-28）. 
  11. ^ Weber, Rachel. Undead Labs hires new GM. GamesIndustry.biz. 2015-06-24 [2019-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-23）. 

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