松阿察河

松阿察河
松阿察河上的旧渡口
深蓝色标粗者为松阿察河
松阿察河在黑龙江的位置
松阿察河
河口的位置
流域
源頭兴凯湖
 • 位置黑龙江省密山市
滨海边疆区斯帕斯克区
 • 坐标45°03′39″N 132°51′05″E / 45.06083°N 132.85139°E / 45.06083; 132.85139
河口乌苏里江
 • 位置黑龙江省虎林市列索扎沃茨克城区俄语Лесозаводский городской округ
 • 坐标45°34′52″N 133°24′56″E / 45.58111°N 133.41556°E / 45.58111; 133.41556
 • 海拔59米(194英尺)
落差9米(30英尺)
流域面積25,600平方公里(9,900平方英里)
位置 中国黑龙江省
 俄羅斯滨海边疆区
本貌
長度209公里(130英里)
地图

松阿察河(俄语:Река Сунгача羅馬化Reka Sungacha),亦作松阿产河[1][2](俄语:Река Сунгачан 羅馬化Reka Sungachan),是中华人民共和国黑龙江省俄罗斯联邦滨海边疆区的界河,系乌苏里江支流,发源于兴凯湖,全长209公里。1860年中俄《北京条约》中,松阿察河被定为中俄界河之一[1]

河名

有学者认为,“松阿察”在满语中意为“盔缨”[3],但满语中的“盔缨”为满语ᠰᠣᠨ᠋ᠣᡴᡨ᠋ᠣᠨ(sonokton)[4][5],与“sunggacha”相距甚远,另外有人认为“松阿察”意为“红尾白鱼”(满语ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡩ᠋ᠠ, sunggada),即“赤梢鱼”[6][7]

地理

松阿察河在乌苏里江流域的位置

松阿察河发源于兴凯湖,属于乌苏里江的支流,全长209公里,流域总面积25600平方千米,落差9米,河坡比降0.005%[8][9][10][11],其中在中国境内流域面积2671平方千米。河道经过黑龙江省的密山市虎林市辖区及滨海边疆区的斯帕斯克区基洛夫斯基区列索扎沃茨克城区。

每年11月至次年4月为冰期。

之前在20世纪时,松阿察河原分为两支从兴凯湖中流出,小松阿察河口位于大松阿察河口以南三里,从兴凯湖流出二里后大小二河和并为松阿察河[12],但小松阿察河现今几乎干涸。河道十分蜿蜒,从源头到河口直线距离约80公里,河宽约30至60米,平均深约3至3.5米,流速约0.5米每秒。河岸低,多森林和灌木丛,河漫滩上是草地,黏土和黑钙土覆盖。流域内动植物丰富,残留有

直到上世纪中叶,松阿察河还可通航;自1980年代以来兴凯湖水位不断下降,河的水位也随之下降,现今只有小型船可以全线航行。松阿察河是兴凯湖的唯一出水口,支流有伊利斯塔亚河

另见

参考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 史为乐; 邓自欣; 朱玲玲. 中国历史地名大辞典. 中国社会科学出版社. 2017: 1494. ISBN 9787520308991. 
  2. ^ 齐召南. 黑龙江水道提纲. 有松阿产河,南自新开湖汇诸水北流来会。新开湖即兴凯湖古名。 
  3. ^ 邓清林. 黑龙江地名考释. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江人民出版社. 1986: 181. 
  4. ^ 安双成. 满汉大辞典. 辽宁民族出版社. 1993: 518. ISBN 9787805273785. 
  5. ^ 胡增益. 新满汉大词典. 新疆人民出版社. 1994: 688. ISBN 9787228024049. 
  6. ^ 杨锡春; 林永刚; 杨泽伟. 黑龙江省满语地名. 黑龙江朝鲜民族出版社. 2008: 312. ISBN 978-7-5389-1551-8. 
  7. ^ В. И. Цинциус; О. П. Суник. Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков. Ленинград: Наука. 1975: т.2 128.  将该词译为 красноперка(红眼鱼)。
  8. ^ А·П·穆拉诺夫. 苏联地表水资源 第18册 远东 第1分册:阿穆尔河上游和中游. 列宁格勒: 气象出版社. 1966 (俄语). 
  9. ^ 苏联地表水资源 第18册 远东 第2分册:阿穆尔河下游. 列宁格勒: 气象出版社 (俄语). 
  10. ^ Т·А·基谢尔科瓦娅. 苏联地表水资源 第18册 远东 第3分册:滨海地区. 列宁格勒: 气象出版社. 1977 (俄语). 
  11. ^ Река Сунгача. [2024-01-04]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-27). 
  12. ^ 《满州地志》,载 孙燕京,张研 (编). 民国史料丛刊续编 932 史地 地理. 郑州: 大象出版社. 2012.10: 41. ISBN 7-5347-7408-9 请检查|isbn=值 (帮助). 

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