文化地理学

文化地理学(英語:Cultural geography),是研究人类文化的空间组合,人类活动所创造的文化在起源、传播、宗教、经济、政府方面与环境的关系的学科。文化地理学的研究,旨在探讨各地区人类社会的文化定型活动,人们对景观的开发利用和影响,人类文化在改变生态环境过程中所起的作用,以及该地区区域特性的文化继承性,也就是研究人类文化活动的空间变化。它是n的重要分支,也是文化学的一个组成部分[1]

领域

雅加达的全球化和商城文化

文化地理学的研究领域非常广阔。其研究领域包括有:

历史

文化地理学的历史可以追溯到古代地理学家如托勒密斯特拉波;然而它作为一门学术学科,是在20世纪早期引入,以取代此前统治地理学的环境决定论,后者主张人类和社会均由其所在的自然环境所控制[7]。文化地理学并非研究环境差距所引起的预决性,它对人文景观英语cultural landscape更有兴趣[7]。这一趋势由加州大学伯克利分校卡尔·苏尔英语Carl O. Sauer所领导,该领域也长期由美国所主导。

苏尔将景观定义为地理学的研究单元。他认为文化和社会均与其创造的景观相辅相成[8],使得自然景观与人类创造的人文景观相映[8]。他的研究具有高度的定性研究和描述性,并超过1930年代理查德·哈特向区域地理学,后者跟随計量革命获得长足发展。文化地理学曾是边缘学科,尽管大量地理学作家比如大卫‧罗温索英语David Lowenthal大量促使人文景观的发展。

在1970年代,对于实证主义地理学的批判促使地理学家寻求超过定量研究的发展,包括文化地理学的一些领域从而得以重新评估。然而,在许多地理分支学科中,后实证主义文化地理学继续扮演着重要的角色。

变革

1980年代以来,一类“新文化地理学”(new cultural geography)开始出现,它基于不同的理论传统,包括马克思主义政治经济模型、女性主义理论后殖民主义理论、后结构主义精神分析

特别是它吸取了欧洲的米歇尔·福柯表演性理论,和更多样化的后殖民理论,有一种协调一致的努力试图解构文化背后的各种权力关系。比如身份政治与身份建构所体现的某一特定地区的利益。

一类研究领域包括:

一些新文化地理学的学者开始反思自我批判,认为此前身份和空间的观点是静态的。它遵循了后结构主义者对于福柯的批评,比如米歇尔·德·塞都英语Michel de Certeau吉尔·德勒兹。在这个领域中,非代表性地理学英语non-representational theory人口流动学研究成为主流。其他学者也有尝试将这些批评融入到新文化地理学中。

相关条目

参考

  1. ^ Jordan-Bychkov, Terry G.; Domosh, Mona; Rowntree, Lester. The human mosaic: a thematic introduction to cultural geography. New York: HarperCollinsCollegePublishers. 1994. ISBN 978-0-06-500731-2. 
  2. ^ Zelinsky, Wilbur. Globalization Reconsidered: The Historical Geography of Modern Western Male Attire. Journal of Cultural Geography. 2004, 22. 
  3. ^ Debres, Karen. Burgers for Britain: A Cultural Geography of McDonald's UK. Journal of Cultural Geography. 2005, 22. 
  4. ^ Jones, Richard C.; 2006; Cultural Diversity in a “Bi-Cultural” City: Factors in the Location of Ancestry Groups in San Antonio; Journal of Cultural Geography
  5. ^ Sinha, Amita; 2006; Cultural Landscape of Pavagadh: The Abode of Mother Goddess Kalika; Journal of Cultural Geography
  6. ^ Kuhlken, Robert; 2002; Intensive Agricultural Landscapes of Oceania; Journal of Cultural Geography
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Peet, Richard; 1998; Modern Geographical Thought; Blackwell
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Sauer, Carl; 1925; The Morphology of Landscape

延伸阅读

  • Carter, George F. Man and the Land. A Cultural Geography. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964.
  • Tuan, Yi-Fu. 2004. "CENTENNIAL FORUM: Cultural Geography: Glances Backward and Forward". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 94 (4): 729-733.


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