原白头翁素(英語:protoanemonin),又称白头翁脑(英語:anemonol[3])或白头翁内酯。是一种存在于所有毛茛科植物的有毒物质。在化学结构上,原白头翁素是4-羟基-2,4-戊二烯酸的γ-内酯[4]。当这些植物受伤或受到浸渍时,体内的不稳定糖苷类物质毛茛苷会被酶降解糖苷键形成葡萄糖和有毒的原白头翁素[5]。
当皮肤和粘膜触碰到这些受伤植物时会造成发痒、皮疹或起水泡。摄入原白头翁素则会造成恶心、呕吐、眩晕、头晕、痉挛、急性肝炎、黄疸或瘫痪[6][7][8]。
不过对这些植物进行干燥处理时,原白头翁素与空气接触并二聚为白头翁素,并进一步水解为无毒的二羧酸[5][9]。
生物合成途径
参考文献
- ^ Römpp, Hermann; Falbe, Jürgen; Regitz, Manfred. Römpp Lexikon Chemie 9. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag. 1992 (German).
- ^ Martín, ML; San Román, L; Domínguez, A. In vitro activity of protoanemonin, an antifungal agent.. Planta Medica. 1990, 56 (1): 66–9. PMID 2356244. S2CID 260283223. doi:10.1055/s-2006-960886.
The LD50 of protoanemonin in male Swiss albino mice was 190 mg/kg.
- ^ List, PH; Hörhammer, L (编). Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis 4. Springer Verlag. 1979. ISBN 3-540-07738-3 (German).
- ^ Marina Kolomytseva , Marta Ferraroni , Alexey Chernykh; et al. Structural basis for the substrate specificity and the absence of dehalogenation activity in 2-chloromuconate cycloisomerase from Rhodococcus opacus 1CP. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 2014, 1844 (9): 1541–1549. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.04.008.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Berger, Artur; Wachter, Helmut (编). Hunnius Pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch 8. Walter de Gruyter Verlag. 1998. ISBN 3-11-015793-4 (German).
- ^ Yilmaz, Bulent; Yilmaz, Barış; Aktaş, Bora; Unlu, Ozan; Roach, Emir Charles. Lesser celandine (pilewort) induced acute toxic liver injury: The first case report worldwide. World Journal of Hepatology. 2015-02-27, 7 (2): 285–288. ISSN 1948-5182. PMC 4342611 . PMID 25729484. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i2.285 .
- ^ Verbraucherschutz, Bundesamt für. List of Substances of the Competent Federal Government and Federal State Authorities: Category "Plants and plant parts". Springer. 2014-09-12. ISBN 9783319107325 (英语).
- ^ Lewis, Robert Alan. Lewis' Dictionary of Toxicology. CRC Press. 1998-03-23. ISBN 9781566702232 (英语).
- ^ Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Leopold Gmelin (德語)