Ummu Habiba

Ummu Habiba
Mo'minlarning onasi
أم حبيبة بنت أبي سفيان
Tavalludi
Ramla binti Abu Sufyon

tax. 589 yoki 594 milodiy
Makka, Hijoz, Arabiston
(hozirgi Saudiya Arabistoni)
Vafoti 45 hijriy; tax. milodiy 664
Madina, Hijoz, Umaviylar xalifaligi (hozirgi Saudiya Arabistoni)
Unvoni ʾUmm ul-mo'minin
Turmush oʻrtogʻi
Bolalari Habiba binti Ubayd Alloh
Otasi Abu Sufyon ibn Harb
Onasi Safiya binti Abu al-Os

Ummu Habiba Ramla binti Abu Sufyon (arabcha: أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان; tax. 589[1] yoki 594–665) Muhammadning toʻqqizinchi ayoli boʻlgan. Shuning uchun Ummu Habiba moʻminlarning onasi deb tanilgan.

Ummu Habiba hayotining boshlangʻich davri

Ummu Habiba Abu Sufyon ibn Harb va Safiyya binti Abu al-Osning qizi boʻlgan[2]. Abu Sufyon Umayya qabilasining boshligʻi boʻlib, u butun Quraysh qabilasining boshligʻi boʻlgan va 624-630 yillarda Muhammadning ham eng kuchli raqibi edi. Biroq keyinchalik u islomni qabul qilib, musulmon jangchi boʻladi. Ramlaning oʻgay ukasi Umaviylarning birinchi xalifasi Muoviya I, hamda Usmon ibn Affon uning ona tomondan birinchi amakivachchasi[3] va ota tomondan ikkinchi amakivachchasi boʻlgan.

Ummu Habibaning Ubaydulloh ibn Jahshga uylanishi

Ummu Habibaning birinchi eri Ubayd-Alloh ibn Jahsh[4] edi. U Zaynab binti Jahshning ukasi boʻlib, Muhammad unga ham uylangan.

Ubayd-Alloh va Ramla islomni birinchi boʻlib qabul qilganlardan hisoblanadi. Ubayd-Alloh va Ramla 616-yilda Qurayshdan qabilasidan dushman boʻlib qolmaslik uchun Habashistonga (Efiopiya) hijrat qilgani ketgan[5]. U yerga borib esa qizi Habiba binti Ubayd-Allohni dunyoga keltirgan[4].

Ubayd-Alloh keyinchalik nasroniylikni qabul qilganligini daʼvo qilishadi[4]. Ammo u Ramlani ham shunday qilishga koʻndirmoqchi boʻladi, lekin u Islom dinini oʻzida saqlab qoladi. Oxir oqibat dinni qabul qilishi ularning ajralishiga olib kelgan (Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, 4-jild, 305-bet).

Muhammadga uylanish

Ramlaning iddasini (bevaning kutish muddati) tugagan kuni, unga Muhammaddan turmush qurish taklifi keladi[6].

Ularning nikoh marosimi Habashistonda boʻlib oʻtadi hatto Muhammad yoʻq boʻlgan boʻlsa ham. Ramla marosimda Xolid ibn Saidni qonuniy vasiy qilib tanlagan edi. Habashiston podshohi Najoshiyning oʻzi xutbani oʻqib beradi va Xolid ibn Said javob nutqi soʻzlagan. Najoshiy Xolidga 400 dinor mahr berib, marosimdan soʻng katta toʻy oʻtkazadi. Quli Barra orqali kelinga mushk va qahrabo ham yuborgan[4]. Muhammad boshqa ayollariga bundan kattaroq mehr bermagan edi[7].

Keyinchalik Najoshiy qolgan oʻttizta muhojir musulmonni Arabistonga qaytarishni qaror qilgan. barchasi ikki qayiqda Madinaga qarab yoʻl oladilar[8]. Bu safarda Ramlaga Shurahbil ibn Hasana hamrohlik qilgan. Baʼzi manbalarga koʻra, u Muhammadga hijratdan bir yil oʻtib turmushga chiqqan, ammo olti yil oʻtgach, Ummu Habiba oʻttiz yoshda boʻlgan, Muhammad esa oltmish yoshda boʻlgan[9]. Tabariyning yozishicha esa, ularning nikohi hijriy 7-yili (628) „oʻttiz toʻqqiz yoshda boʻlgan“ vaqti qilingan[10].

Madinadagi hayot

Bir kuni Abu Sufyon qizi Ramlaning Madinadagi uyiga tashrif buyuradi. "U havoriyning gilamiga oʻtirish uchun ketganida, u gilamda oʻtirolmasligi uchun uni buklaydi.

Aziz qizim, siz gilamni men uchun juda yaxshi deb oʻylaysizmi yoki men gilam uchun juda yaxshi deb oʻylaysizmi! – dedi u.

"Bu havoriyning gilamidir va siz harom mushriksiz. Havoriyning gilamiga oʻtirishingni istamayman, – Ayol shunday deb javob beradi.

„Allohga qasamki, mendan ketganingdan beri yomonlikka ketding“, degan"[11][12].

Ramla hijriy 45-yilda (milodiy 664 yoki 665) oʻgay ukasi Muoviya I hukmronligi davrida vafot etgan[10]. U Jannat al-Baqi qabristonida Muhammadning boshqa ayollari yoniga dafn etilgan[4].

Meros

Hadis adabiyotida Ramla rivoyat qilgan oltmish beshga yaqin hadis mavjud. Va ulardanMuhammad al-Buxoriy va Muslim b. al-Hajjoj ulardan ikkitasiga rozi boʻlgan holos, Muslim esa ikkitasini yolgʻiz oʻzi olgan[4].

Manbalar

  1. Islom qonunini tushunish, Raj Bhala, bo'lim: Ramla binti Abi Sufyon (Ummu Habiba). 
  2. الشبكة الإسلامية – (9) أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان رضي الله عنها
  3. Muhammad ibn Jarir Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul waʼl-Muluk vol. 39.
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Islam online
  5. „Second migration to Abyssinia“.
  6. Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 178.
  7. Ibn Hisham note 918.
  8. Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah.
  9. „Ibn Kathir, The Wives of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).“. 2013-yil 2-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 20-sentyabr.
  10. 10,0 10,1 Tirmadhi 2226, Musnad Ahmed 12039
  11. Guillaume/Ishaq, p. 543.
  12. John Glubb, The Life and Times of Muhammad, Lanham 1998, p. 304-310.

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