Almanya'nın işgali sırasında tecavüz

Kızıl Ordu tarafından gerçekleştirilen Metgethen Katliamı sırasında öldürülen sivillerin SS tarafından çekilmiş bir fotoğrafı. Fotoğraftaki kadınların ikisinde de öldürülmeden önce kendilerine tecavüz edildiğinin izleri bulunuyor.[1]

II. Dünya Savaşı'nın son kısımları sırasında Müttefik askerleri Alman topraklarına girdikçe ve bu toprakları işgal altında bulundurdukça, kadınların toplu tecavüzleri hem askerî harekâtlar ile bağlantılı olarak hem de daha sonraki Almanya işgali sırasında gerçekleşti. Akademisyenlerin ortak görüşü, tecavüzlerin çoğunun Sovyet işgal birlikleri tarafından işlendiğidir.[2] Savaş zamanı tecavüzleri, savaştan sonra onlarca yıl boyunca sessizlikle çevriliydi.[3][4][5] 2015'te kitapları bazı Rus okullarında yasaklanan tarihçi Antony Beevor'a göre, NKVD dosyaları Sovyet liderliğinin neler olduğunu bildiğini ancak bunları durdurmak için çok az şey yaptığını ortaya çıkardı.[6] Tecavüzleri işleyenler çoğunlukla cephe gerisi karargâh birlikleriydi.[7] Profesör Oleg Rzheshevsky'nin verdiği istatistiklere göre ise, 4.148 Kızıl Ordu subayı ve diğer birçok er, Alman sivillere karşı işledikleri suçlar nedeniyle cezalandırıldı.[8] Kızıl Ordu askerlerinin tecavüz gibi savaş suçlarını işlemelerinde Sovyet vatandaşlarını Almanlardan intikam almaya teşvik eden Yahudi kökenli İlya Ehrenburg'un çağırısının da etkisi vardı.[9][10][11][12] Savaş ve sonrasındaki işgal sırasında Sovyet birlikleri tarafından tecavüze uğrayan Alman kadın ve kızlarının kesin sayısı belirsizdir, ancak tarihçiler sayılarının yüz binlerce ve muhtemelen iki milyon kadar fazla olduğunu tahmin etmektedir.[13]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ De Zayas, Alfred M. (1994). A terrible revenge : the ethnic cleansing of the east European Germans, 1944-1950. 1st pbk. ed. with new material. New York: St. Martin's Press. ss. 40-41. ISBN 0-312-12159-8. OCLC 29877541. 
  2. ^ Women and war : a historical encyclopedia from antiquity to the present. Bernard A. Cook, ABC-Clio Information Services. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. 2006. s. 481. ISBN 1-85109-770-8. OCLC 70680524. 
  3. ^ "German women break their silence on horrors of Red Army rapes". Telegraph.co.uk. 24 Ekim 2008. 25 Ekim 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 
  4. ^ "Raped by the Red Army: Two million German women speak out". The Independent. 17 Nisan 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 
  5. ^ Beyer, Susanne. "Harrowing Memoir: German Woman Writes Ground-Breaking Account of WW2 Rape". Spiegel.de. 1 Mart 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 
  6. ^ Bird, Nicky (Ekim 2002). "Berlin: The Downfall 1945 by Antony Beevor". International Affairs. 78 (4). Royal Institute of International Affairs. ss. 914-916. 
  7. ^ Beevor, Antony (2002). The fall of Berlin, 1945. New York. ISBN 0-670-03041-4. OCLC 49704311. 24 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mart 2021. 
  8. ^ "Red Army rapists exposed". 29 Nisan 2002. 25 Şubat 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mart 2021. 
  9. ^ "Mark Weber, "The Strange Life of Ilya Ehrenburg"". 9 Nisan 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mart 2021. 
  10. ^ Nicole Dombrowski, Women and war in the twentieth century: enlisted with or without consent
  11. ^ Wolfgang W. E. Samuel, The war of our childhood: memories of World War II
  12. ^ Gregor Dallas, 1945: The War That Never Ended (German women are yours!)
  13. ^ Norman M., Naimark (1995). The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949. Cambridge: Belknap Press. ss. 132-133. 

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