Çupikçe

Çupikçe
Cugtun
Ana dili olanlarAmerika Birleşik Devletleri (Chevak, Alaska)
Dil ailesi
Varsayılan
  • Çupikçe
Yazı sistemiLatin
Dil kodları
ISO 639-3

Çupikçe ya da Chevak Çupikçesi (kendilerince Cugtun ; İngilizce Cup'ik ya da Hooper Bay–Chevak Cup’ik), Alaska'da, Chevak ile Hooper Bay yöresinde Çupiklerin konuştuğu Yupik dilleri kolundan bir Eskimo dili olan Yupikçenin bir lehçesi. Nunivak Çupikçesi gibi bu da Yupikçenin y sesine karşılık ç (yazıda: c harfi) sesini kullanmasıyla belirginleşir.

Eskimo dilleri içindeki yeri

Eğitim ve Öğrenim

Kashunamiut okulunun yeni binası (mavi), göl ve eski okul binası (kırmızı)

Dünyada yalnızca tek bir okulda, Kashunamiut Okul Bölgesine (Kashunamiut School District) bağlı olan Chevak'taki okulda Alaska Yerli Dil Merkezi ile koordineli biçimde ikidilli eğitim çerçevesinde Çupikçe öğretilmektedir. Esas olarak Chevak kasabasında Çupikçe, İngilizce ve her ikisinin karışımı olan karma dil konuşulur.

1950 öncesi eğitim Qaygiq denen Eskimo köy odasında ve kendi evlerinde yapılırdı[1]

Tükenme tehlikesi

50-100 kadar kişinin konuştuğu Çupikçe, Yupikçenin farklı bir lehçesidir ve tükenme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıyadır.

Karşılaştırma

Yukon-Kuskokwim Yupikçesi ile Chevak Çupikçesinin karşılaştırması:

Yukon-Kuskokwim Yupikçesi (Yugtun) Chevak Çupikçesi (Cugtun) anlamı
elicaraq (Y) / elitnauraq (K) elicaraq
skuularaq (Çupikçe-İngilizce karma dil)
öğrenci
elicarista (Y) / elitnaurista (K) elicarta
skuularta (Çupikçe-İngilizce karma dil)
öğretmen
yugnikek’ngaq aiparnatugaq arkadaş
yuilquq cuilquq tundra, ıssız topraklar
nuussiq caviggaq bıçak (düz)
uluaq kegginalek ulu bıçağı
canek evek çim yaprağı
ellalluk ivyuk yağmur

Fonoloji

Çupik alfabesinde 18 harf bulunur: a c e g i k l m n p q r s t u v w y.[2]

İngilizcede kullanılan bazı harfler Çupikçede kullanılmaz: b d f h j o x z.

Ünlüler:

  • Kısa ünlüler: a i u e
  • Uzun ünlüler: aa ii uu
  • Diftonglar: ai ui au iu ua ia

Ünsüzler:

  • Stops: p t c k q
  • Voiced fricatives: v l y g r w
  • Voiceless fricatives: vv ll ss gg rr ww
  • Voiced nasals: m [m] n [n] ng [ŋ]
  • Voiceless nasals: m [m̥] n [n̥] ng [ŋ̊]

Alıntılar

Rus Alaskası döneminde (1733 - 1867) Ruslarla ve Rusçayla karşılaşan Yupiklerin dillerinde Rusça alıntılar günümüzde de canlılığını sürdürür:

  • caarralaq (< Rus. сахар) 'şeker'
  • caayuq (< Rus. чай) 'çay'
  • caanik (< Rus. чайник) 'çaydanlık, çaynik'
  • cap’akiq (< Rus. сапоги) 'ayakkabı'
  • cass’aq (< Rus. часы) 'saat'
  • culunaq (?< Rus. солонина 'salted meat') 'tuzlama balık'
  • kalantaassaq (< Rus. карандаш) 'kalem'
  • kalmaaniq (< Rus. карман) 'cep'
  • kelipaq (< Rus. хлеб) 'ekmek'
  • luussitaq (< Rus. лошадь) 'at'
  • mass’laq (< Rus. масло) 'tereyağ, margarin'
  • missuulleq (< Rus. мешок) 'çuval'
  • muluk’uuq (< Rus. молоко) 'süt'
  • mult’uuq (< Rus. молоток) 'çekiç'
  • pal’tuuk (< Rus. пальто) 'palto'
  • pelatekaq (< Rus. палатка) 'çadır'
  • putuskaq (< Rus. подушка) 'yastık'
  • spickaq : (< Rus. спичка) 'kibrit'
  • tiititsaaq / tiissitsaaq (< Rus. тысяча) 'bin; bin dolar'
  • yaassiik : (< Rus. ящик) 'kutu'

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Alaskool: Guidebook for Integrating Cup'ik Culture and Curriculum". 5 Ağustos 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Kasım 2012. 
  2. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 10 Eylül 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Kasım 2012. 

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