Pichliač bezbyľový pravý

Pichliač bezbyľový pravý

Pichliač bezbyľový pravý – dospelý jedinec.
Stupeň ohrozenia
IUCN stupne ohrozeniaVyhynutýVyhynutýVyhynutý vo voľnej prírodeKriticky ohrozenýOhrozenýZraniteľnýTakmer ohrozenýOhrozenýNajmenej ohrozenýNajmenej ohrozený
Vedecká klasifikácia
Vedecký názov
Cirsium acaulon subsp. acaulon
Scop.[1][2], 1769[1][2]
Synonymá
Vedecká klasifikácia prevažne podľa tohto článku

Pichliač bezbyľový pravý[3] (lat. Cirsium acaulon subsp. acaulon)[2] je takmer bezbyľová trváca bylina z čeľade astrovité (Asteraceae). Prirodzený areál jeho rozšírenia zahŕňa mierne oblasti Európy.[2]

Opis

Pichliač bezbyľový pravý je trváca bylina s byľami vysokými len jeden až dvadsať centimetrov, ktoré nesú iba jeden, zriedka dva kvetné úbory.[4]

Krátkostopkaté listy sú v bohatej prízemnej ružici, v obryse podlhovasto kopijovité, perovito strihané, diely sú sprehýbané, vajcovito, ostnato dvoj až päťzubé. Pokiaľ sú aj byľové listy, tak tie sú podobné ale menšie. Čepele sú na líci holé, na rube páperisté, ostne sú tenké, dlhé 2 až 5 mm.[4]

Purpurové kvety sú usporiadané v súkvetí, ktorým je rúrkokvetý úbor. Jednotlivé kvety v úbore sú obojpohlavné, rúrkovité, pravidelné, päťpočetné. Tyčiniek býva zvyčajne päť, s peľnicami zrastenými do rúrky okolo čnelky. Kalich je voľný, trváci, premenený na chocholec s perovitými štetinkami, slúžiaci na rozširovanie semien vetrom. Semenník je spodný a plodom je nažka veľká 3 až 4 mm. Vajcovitý zákrov pozostáva z listeňov, ktoré sú pritlačené, vnútorné sú čiarkovito kopijovité, končisté, vonkajšie s ostníkmi do 1 mm. Úbory sú v strede ružice sediace alebo na konci konárikov jednotlivé s priemerom do 5 cm, s jedným až tromi podpornými listami.[4]

Rozšírenie

Areál rozšírenia pichliača bezbyľového pravého zahŕňa Európu od Španielska cez Francúzsko, Nemecko až po Švédsko a Nórsko. Východná hranica areálu prechádza od Rumunska cez Slovensko, Poľsko a pobaltské štáty.[2]

Na Slovensku sa vyskytuje roztrúsene od Bielych Karpát po Veľkú Fatru.[4]

Ekológia

Pichliač bezbyľový pravý rastie na lúkach, pasienkoch, medziach, okrajoch lesov a na lesných čistinkách. Obľubuje výhrevné, vysychavé, často vápenaté, humózne, kamenité i hlinité pôdy. Kvitne od júla do septembra.[4]

Galéria

Referencie

  1. a b Annus Hist.-Nat. 2: 62 (1769)
  2. a b c d e Cirsium acaulon subsp. acaulon (L.) Scop. [online]. Kew: POWO - Plants of the World Online, Kew, [cit. 2024-03-13]. Dostupné online. (po anglicky)
  3. Karol Marhold, František Hindák. Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. Bratislava : Veda, 1998. ISBN 80-224-0526-4. S. 420.
  4. a b c d e Josef Dostál, Martin Červenka. Veľký kľúč na určovanie vyšších rastlín II.. prvé. vyd. Bratislava : Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, 1991. ISBN 80-08-00003-1. S. 1113-115.

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