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Crimean War
	Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe and the Russo-Turkish Wars
	; Attack on the Malakoff, by William Simpson
Date	16 October 1853 – 30 March 1856; (2 years, 5 months and 2 weeks)
Location	Crimea, North Caucasus, Balkans, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea, Far East
Result	Allied victory
Territorial; changes	Russia loses the Danube Delta and Southern Bessarabia.
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire; France; United Kingdom; Sardinia;	Russia Greece
Commanders and leaders
Abdulmejid I; Omar Pasha; Napoléon III; J. L. de Saint-Arnaud; George Hamilton-Gordon; Henry John Temple; FitzRoy Somerset; Alfonso La Marmora;	Nicholas I; Alexander II; Prince Menshikov; Prince Gorchakov; Pavel Nakhimov †;
Strength
Total: 673,900; 235,568; 309,268; 97,864; 21,000	Total: 889,000; ; 888,000 mobilised; 324,478 deployed
Casualties and losses
Total: 165,363–223,000 dead; 45,770 combat deaths; 119,593 non-combat deaths 45,400 dead; 20,900 combat deaths; 24,500 non-combat deaths; 95,615 dead; 20,240 combat deaths; 75,375 non-combat deaths; 22,182 dead; 4,602 combat deaths; 17,580 non-combat deaths; 2,166 dead; 28 combat deaths; 2,138 non-combat deaths;	Total: 450,015 dead; 73,125 combat deaths; 376,890 non-combat deaths
	Casualties include death by disease. In all cases, death by disease exceeded the sum of "killed in action" or "died of wounds".

The Crimean War (1853–1856), also called the Eastern War (Russian: Восточная война), was fought between the Russian Empire against the French Empire, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Ottoman Empire. Most of the fighting, including the Battle of Balaclava, happened in Crimea, but some of it was what is now western Turkey and around the Baltic Sea.

The Crimean War is sometimes called the first "modern" war since its weaponry and tactics were used for the first time and affected all later wars.^[6] It was also the first war to use a telegraph to give information to a newspaper quickly.^[7]

Background

The Ottoman Empire was declining by the mid-1800s. The war started after the Ottoman Empire decided that France, not Russia, had the right to protect Christians in the Holy Land near the area of modern-day Israel.^[8]

Russia sent an army to take part of Ottoman Romania and so the British and the French allies sent an army and a navy to help the Ottomans. When the allies got to their camp in Gallipoli, Russia retreated and so the allies decided instead to take back Crimea, where Russia had its naval base. Russia had taken Crimea from the Ottoman Empire in an earlier war.

Results

The Allies won the war in Crimea but gave it back to Russia in return for Russia giving back other places and promising not to have a navy on the Black Sea.

The Crimean War was a very important point in the history of warfare since new weapons were used. It was also the first war to be reported by the press via photography and journalists. Another very important factor was that it was the first war with real field hospitals, which were started by Florence Nightingale.

After it lost the war, Russia decided to make changes, including increasing its development of weaponry and ending serfdom in 1861.

Related pages

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 From 1854
↑ From 1855
↑ Until 1854

References

↑ Badem 2010, p. 180.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 Clodfelter 2017, p. 180.
↑ Зайончковский А. М. Восточная война 1853—1856. — СПб.: Полигон, 2002. — ISBN 5-89173-159-2
↑ Figes 2010, p. 489.
↑ Mara Kozelsky, "The Crimean War, 1853–56." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 13.4 (2012): 903–917 online.
↑ Royle. Preface
↑ "The Crimean War: The war that made Britain 'great' - Telegraph". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
↑ Hooker, Richard (1999). "The Ottomans: European Imperialism and Crisis". Washington State University. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.