Ksanti

Ksanti
Ξάνθη
Ksanti
Osnovni podaci
Država  Grčka
Periferija Istočna Makedonija i Trakija
Prefektura Ksanti
Stanovništvo 52, 270 (2001[1])
Površina 153.116 km²
Visina 80 m
Koordinate 41°8′N 24°53′E / 41.133°N 24.883°E / 41.133; 24.883
Poštanski broj 671 00
Pozivni broj 2541
Registarska oznaka AH
Gradonačelnik Michalis Stelianidis
Službena stranica www.cityofxanthi.gr
Karta
Ksanti na mapi Grčke
Ksanti
Ksanti

Položaj grada na karti Grčke

Ksanti (grčki: Ξάνθη , bugarski: Скеча; turski: İskeçe) grad je u sjevernoj Grčkoj, u periferiji Istočna Makedonija i Trakija.

Ksanti je udaljen dvadesetak kilometara od mora, na padinama Rodopa u kotlini rijeke Kosintos, administrativno je sjedište prefekture Ksanti i univerzitetski grad od 52, 270 stanovnika.

Historija

Pored Ksantija, na 20 kilometara uz obale Egejskog mora nalazi se ostatci antičkog grčkog grada Abdere u kojem je živio slavni filozof Demokrit. Prvi zapisi o Ksantiju, zabilježeni su 879 godine, kad je mitropolit Ksantija učestvovao na Četvrtom Ekumenskom saboru u Konstatinopolisu.[2] Ovaj dio Trakije, bio je na vjetrometrini i proživljavao je teška vremena velikih sukoba, raseljavanja i pomora stanovništva. Takvo je stanje bilo je i u 14. vijeku kad je Otomansko Carstvo zavladalo ovom regijom, kraj je bio gotovo bez stanovnika. Zbog tog su otomanske vlasti naselile nove stanovnike iz dubine Male Azije, tako je nastalo naselje Genisea (grčki: Γενισέα). No tadašnja sela Oreo (Ωραίο) i Ksanti ostala su većinski grčka (sa kršćanskim) stanovništvom.

Arheološko nalazište Abdera

Razdoblje uspona grada Jenidže

Od 1715 godine čitav kraj oko gradića Ksanti, a naročito oko susjednog naselja Genisea ( turski: Yenidze, bugarski: Jenidže), postao je poznat po uzgoju kvalitetnog duhana koje je uglavnom uzgajalo tursko stanovništvo - Pomaci. Uzgoj aromatičnih orijentalnih duhana, koji su bili vrlo popularni i cijenjeni u to vrijeme za izradu kvalitetnih mješavina (blendova) od kojih su rađene skupe cigarete poput Balkan Sobrania. Taj duhan je stavljan i u ostale skupe cigarete koje su nosile pridjev oriental blend. Uzgoj duhana donio je regiji Ksanti relativno blagostanje u to vrijeme.

U februaru i aprilu 1829 godine, dva snažna potresa sravnila su Ksanti sa zemljom, ali se je odmah iza toga grad ponovno podigao i nanovo izgradio. Kad je 1870 susjedno i veće naselje Genisea izgorilo u katastrofalnom požaru, sav duhanski posao premješten u Ksanti, tako da je on ubrzo narastao na 10 000 stanovnika. Dolazak željezničke pruge 1891 ubrzao je razvoj grada.

Ksanti za balkanskih i dva svjetska rata

Pogled na Ksanti i rijeku Kosintos

Za vrijeme Prvog balkanskog rata Bugari su zauzeli grad Ksanti 1912, i držali ga pod svojom kontrolom osam mjeseci, kad su ga ponovno zauzeli Grci. Nakon svršetka balkanskih ratova, Ksanti i Zapadna Trakija dati su Bugarskoj kao dio mirovnih dogovora nakon ratova, i ostali su pod bugarskom vlašću sve do kraja Prvog svjetskog rata.

Kako je Bugarska u Prvom svjetskom ratu bila na strani poraženih centralnih sila, Zapadna Trakija (Δυτική Θράκη) i grad Ksanti, predani su Grčkoj, koja je uspostavila svoju vlast od 1919 do 1920.

Grad su ponovno okupirali Bugari za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata između 1941 - 1944 godine.

Grad Ksanti u današnje vrijeme

Današnji Ksanti je moderan grad, sa dobro očuvanom orjentalnom arhitekturom 19. vijeka u gradskoj jezgri. Grad je poznat po svom karnevalu (Καρναβάλι)[3] koji se tradicionalno održava u februaru ili martu (ovisno o godini). Pored grada nalazi se arheološko nalazište antičkog grada Abdere

Školstvo

  • Ksanti je jedan od gradova uz Aleksandropoli, Komotini i Orestijadu u kojem djeluje Demokritov Univerzit Trakija. U Ksantiju je smješten Strojarski fakultet, koji ima slijedeće odjele; Građevinarstvo, Arhitektura, Elektrotehnika i računalstvo, Ekologija i Organizacija rada i uprave

Sport

  • Ksanti je grad nogometnog kluba Škoda Ksanti koji nastupa u Grčkoj prvoj ligi od 1989 godine.

Poznati sugrađani

Gradovi prijatelji

Izvori

  1. Angaben des griechischen Innenministeriums ([1] Arhivirano 2007-01-04 na Wayback Machine-u)
  2. http://www.xanthi.ilsp.gr/thraki/history/his.asp?perioxhid=B0257 Dokumenti o učestvovanju mitropolita Ksantija na 4 ekumenskom saboru u Konstatinopolisu, sa portala xanthi]]
  3. „Karneval Ksanti na portalu prefekture”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2009-10-20. Pristupljeno 2010-10-29. 

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