Sanção penal

As antigas village stocks em Chapeltown, Lancashire, Inglaterra

De forma geral, punição, castigo, ou sanção penal quando aplicadas usando as leis de um país específico, é a imposição de um resultado indesejável ou desagradável sobre um grupo ou indivíduo, imposto por uma autoridade - em contextos que vão desde a disciplina infantil ao direito penal - como resposta e dissuasão a uma determinada ação ou comportamento que é considerado indesejável ou inaceitável . O raciocínio pode ser condicionar uma criança a evitar o auto-risco, impor a conformidade social (em particular, nos contextos de educação compulsória ou disciplina militar), defender normas, proteger contra danos futuros (em particular, os crimes violentos), e manter a lei - e o respeito pela lei - sob a qual o grupo social é governado. [1][2][3][4][5] O castigo pode ser auto-infligido como com auto-flagelação e mortificação da carne no ambiente religioso, mas é na maioria das vezes uma forma de coerção social.

No Brasil

A sanção, ou pena, deverá ser cumprida em regime fechado, se a pena for superior a 8 anos; em regime semiaberto se a pena for de 4 a 8 anos; e em regime aberto se a pena for inferior a 4 anos.[6]

Teorias

Os fins das penas são explicados pelas seguintes teorias:

  • Teoria Absoluta ou da Retribuição - Para essa teoria, a pena é a retribuição do mal injusto praticado pelo criminoso.
  • Teoria Relativa, Finalista, Utilitária ou da Prevenção - Divide-se em prevenção especial e prevenção geral.
  1. A prevenção especial consiste na ameaça (exemploː pena de prisão suspensa na sua execução) ou segregação (pena de prisão efectiva) imposta ao condenado face à sociedade, tentando a sua reeducação com vista ao não cometimento futuro de novos crimes.
  2. A prevenção geral é representada pela intimidação dirigida ao ambiente social em que o crime foi cometido, fazendo com que as pessoas não cometam crimes por receio de receber punição idêntica ou semelhante que viram aplicar ao condenado (pena ou castigo exemplar, para servir de exemplo aos demais). Esta é a teoria vigente no actual Código Penal Português.
  • Teoria Mista, Eclética, Intermediária ou Conciliatória - A pena tem a dupla função: de punir o criminoso e prevenir a prática do crime pela reeducação e pela intimidação coletiva. É a adotada pela reforma de 1984, pois é, ao mesmo tempo retributiva e preventiva, conforme dispõe a parte final do artigo 59 do Código Penal brasileiro de 1940:

Segundo esta teoria, portanto, a pena tem caráter retributivo e preventivo. O seu caráter preventivo se desdobra em:

  1. Geral negativo – é o poder intimidatório que a pena representa a toda sociedade, destinatária da norma penal;
  1. Geral positivo – demonstra e reafirma a existência e a eficiência do direito penal;
  1. Especial negativo – tem caráter intimidativo ao autor de uma infração penal para que não volte a delinquir, recolhendo-o ao cárcere, quando necessário, evitando, deste modo, a prática de outras infrações;
  1. Especial positivo – busca a ressocialização do condenado, reinserindo-o na sociedade.

Etapas Evolutivas da Sanção Penal

Prisão na Polôniaː o confinamento em prisões é uma das formas mais comuns de sanção penal

Referências

  1. Hugo, Adam Bedau (19 de fevereiro de 2010). «Punishment, Crime and the State». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Consultado em 4 de agosto de 2010. The search for a precise definition of punishment that exercised some philosophers (for discussion and references see Scheid 1980) is likely to prove futile: but we can say that legal punishment involves the imposition of something that is intended to be burdensome or painful, on a supposed offender for a supposed crime, by a person or body who claims the authority to do so. 
  2. and violates the law or rules by which the group is governed. McAnany, Patrick D. (agosto de 2010). «Punishment». Online. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Consultado em 4 de agosto de 2010. Punishment describes the imposition by some authority of a deprivation—usually painful—on a person who has violated a law, rule, or other norm. When the violation is of the criminal law of society there is a formal process of accusation and proof followed by imposition of a sentence by a designated official, usually a judge. Informally, any organized group—most typically the family, in rearing children—may punish perceived wrongdoers. 
  3. Hugo, Adam Bedau (19 de fevereiro de 2010). «Theory of Punishment». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Consultado em 4 de agosto de 2010. Punishment under law... is the authorized imposition of deprivations—of freedom or privacy or other goods to which the person otherwise has a right, or the imposition of special burdens—because the person has been found guilty of some criminal violation, typically (though not invariably) involving harm to the innocent. (The classical formulation, conspicuous in Hobbes, for example, defines punishment by reference to imposing pain rather than to deprivations.) This definition, although imperfect because of its brevity, does allow us to bring out several essential points. 
  4. Peters, Richard Stanley (1966). Ethics and Education. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 267–68. JSTOR 3120772. Punishment... involves the intentional infliction of pain or of something unpleasant on someone who has committed a breach of rules... by someone who is in authority, who has a right to act in this way. Otherwise, it would be impossible to distinguish 'punishment' from 'revenge'. People in authority can, of course, inflict pain on people at whim. But this would be called 'spite' unless it were inflicted as a consequence of a breach of rules on the part of the sufferer. Similarly a person in authority might give a person £5 as a consequence of his breaking a rule. But unless this were regarded as painful or at least unpleasant for the recipient it could not be counted as a case of 'punishment'. In other words at least three criteria of (i) intentional infliction of pain (ii) by someone in authority (iii) on a person as a consequence of a breach of rules on his part, must be satisfied if we are to call something a case of 'punishment'. There are, as is usual in such cases, examples that can be produced which do not satisfy all criteria. For instance there is a colloquialism which is used about boxers taking a lot of punishment from their opponents, in which only the first condition is present. But this is a metaphorical use which is peripheral to the central use of the term.

    In so far as the different 'theories' of punishment are answers to questions about the meaning of 'punishment', only the retributive theory is a possible one. There is no conceptual connection between 'punishment' and notions like those of 'deterrence', 'prevention' and 'reform'. For people can be punished without being prevented from repeating the offence, and without being made any better. It is also a further question whether they themselves or anyone else is deterred from committing the offence by punishment. But 'punishment' must involve 'retribution', for 'retribution' implies doing something to someone in return for what he has done.... Punishment, therefore, must be retributive—by definition.
     
  5. Kleining, John (outubro de 1972). «R.S. Peters on Punishment». British Journal of Educational Studies. 20 (3): 259–69. JSTOR 3120772. doi:10.1080/00071005.1972.9973352. Unpleasantness inflicted without authority is revenge, and if whimsical, is spite.... There is no conceptual connection between punishment, or deterrence, or reform, for people can be punished without being prevented from repeating the offence, and without being made better. And it is also a further question whether they themselves, or anyone else is deterred from committing the offence by punishment. 
  6. Seção 1ː das Penas Privativas de Liberdade. Disponível em http://www.soleis.com.br/ebooks/criminal1-9.htm. Acesso em 5 de fevereiro de 2016.
Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre direito é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Read other articles:

For the airport serving Somerset, Kentucky assigned the ICAO code KSME, see Lake Cumberland Regional Airport. Radio station in Greeley, ColoradoKSMEGreeley, ColoradoBroadcast areaFort Collins, Colorado Loveland, Colorado Frequency96.1 MHz (HD Radio)Branding96.1 Kiss FMProgrammingFormatFM/HD1:Top 40 HD2: Alternative Radio 94.9OwnershipOwneriHeartMedia(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsKBPI, KCOL-AM, KIIX, KOLT-FM, KPAW, KXBG, K235BT, K246CI, K297AKHistoryFirst air date1975Former call signsKISF ...

 

Открытый чемпионат Малайзии по бадминтону 2008 Город-организатор Куала-Лумпур Открытие 15 января 2008 Закрытие 20 января 2008 Дата 15-20 января 2008 Стадион Куала-Лумпур 20072009[d] Открытый чемпионат Малайзии по бадминтону 2008 года — первый турнир Супер Серии 2008. Проводился в столиц

 

كوفدالي   الإحداثيات 39°07′34″N 84°37′41″W / 39.1261°N 84.6281°W / 39.1261; -84.6281  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[1]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة هاملتون، أوهايو  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 7.252397 كيلومتر مربع7.252396 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)  ارتفاع 270 متر  عدد السكا

The Right HonourableThe Baroness WyldOfficial portrait, 2022Member of the House of Lords Lord TemporalIncumbentAssumed office 26 June 2017Life Peerage Personal detailsBorn (1978-01-13) 13 January 1978 (age 45)Political partyConservativeAlma materSidney Sussex College, Cambridge Laura Lee Wyld, Baroness Wyld (born 13 January 1978) is a British communications specialist and life peer. She served as head of the Prime Minister's Appointments Unit from 2013 to 2016, and has been a Conserv...

 

Опис файлу Опис Обкладинка альбому Не мовчи гурту Безодня Джерело http://www.bezodnya.com/ Автор зображення невідомий Ліцензія Це зображення є обкладинкою музичного альбому або синглу. Найімовірніше, авторськими правами на обкладинку володіє видавець альбому (синглу) або виконаве

 

College in Chicago Wilbur Wright CollegeFormer namesWright Junior CollegeMottoEducation that WorksTypeCommunityEstablished1934AffiliationCity Colleges of ChicagoChancellorJuan SalgadoPresidentDavid PotashVice-presidentAlanka P. BrownStudents9,367[1]LocationChicago, Illinois, U.S.41°57′31.8″N 87°47′17.9″W / 41.958833°N 87.788306°W / 41.958833; -87.788306CampusLarge cityColorsBrown, greyMascotRamsWebsitewww.ccc.edu/colleges/wright/Pages/default.aspx W...

إيكاترينوغرادسكايا   الإحداثيات 43°45′50″N 44°13′38″E / 43.763888888889°N 44.227222222222°E / 43.763888888889; 44.227222222222  تقسيم إداري  البلد روسيا[1]  عاصمة لـ النيابة الملكية على القوقاز (1785–1796) (1785–1790)  خصائص جغرافية ارتفاع 168 متر  معلومات أخرى 361015  رمز جيونيمز 468220 ...

 

Francisco de Sandoval V marqués de Denia, I duque de Lerma, I conde de Ampudia y Sumiller de Corps y Caballerizo mayor (Valido del Rey de España) Retrato ecuestre del duque de Lerma, por Pedro Pablo Rubens, 1603 (Museo del Prado).Valido del Rey de España 1598 – 1618Sucesor Cristóbal Gómez de Sandoval y de la CerdaInformación personalNombre completo Francisco Gómez de Sandoval-Rojas y BorjaNacimiento 1553Tordesillas, EspañaFallecimiento 17 de mayo de 1625 (72 años)Valladolid, Españ...

 

48 states of the United States apart from Alaska and Hawaii A map showing the contiguous United States and, in insets at the lower left, the two states that are not contiguous Map highlighting Alaska and Hawaii's geographical relationship to the contiguous United States. Alaska in red is in the upper part of the map, while Hawaii is the islands also in red to the far left. Contiguous US is near center in pale color. The contiguous United States (officially the conterminous United States) cons...

Ahe

Atoll in French Polynesia For other uses, see Ahe (disambiguation). AheNASA picture of Ahe AtollAheGeographyLocationPacific OceanCoordinates14°29′S 146°19′W / 14.483°S 146.317°W / -14.483; -146.317ArchipelagoTuamotusArea138 km2 (53 sq mi)  (lagoon)12 km2 (5 sq mi) (above water)Length23.5 km (14.6 mi)Width12.2 km (7.58 mi)Highest elevation10 m (30 ft)Highest point(unnamed)AdministrationF...

 

New ZealandAssociationKorfball New Zealand (KNZI)IKF membership1998IKF codeNZL IKF rank13 (end of 2022)[1]World ChampionshipsAppearances1First appearance2019Best result18th place, 2019Asia-Oceania ChampionshipAppearances6First appearance2004Best result3rd place, 2004http://www.korfball.org.nz/ The New Zealand national korfball team, nicknamed The Korus (though the correct plural for koru is koru.[2]), is the national team representing New Zealand in korfball international comp...

 

Israeli comedian, actor and host Avi KushnirBorn (1960-08-26) 26 August 1960 (age 63)Occupation(s)comedian, actor and host Abraham Yeshayahu (Avi) Kushnir (Hebrew: אבי קושניר, born 26 August 1960) is an Israeli comedian, actor and host. Early life During high school Kushnir studied at the youth village HaKfar HaYarok.[1] Afterwards, during his mandatory military service, Kushnir served in an Infantry unit. After his army service Kushnir worked as a stagehand and later on...

Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Fraktion im Europäischen Parlament. Für die damit verbundene europäische politische Partei ähnlichen Namens siehe Identität und Demokratie Partei. Fraktion Identität und Demokratie Offizielle Abkürzung ID Mitglieder 60/705 Fraktions­vorsitzender Italien Marco Zanni Gründung 12. Juni 2019 Vorgänger Europa der Nationen und der Freiheit Aus­richtung EU-SkepsisNationalkonservatismusRechtspopulismusNationalismusRechtsextremismus Europaparteien ...

 

Hospital in Central Region, UgandaEntebbe Military HospitalUganda Ministry of Defence and Uganda People's Defence ForceMap of Uganda showing the location of Entebbe.GeographyLocationEntebbe, Wakiso District, Central Region,  UgandaOrganisationCare systemPrivateTypeGeneralAffiliated universityUPDF Special Forces CommandServicesEmergency departmentIBeds100HistoryOpened1986LinksOther linksHospitals in Uganda Entebbe Military Hospital, also Katabi Military Hospital or Katabi UPDAF Hospital, ...

 

2019 South Korean television series Pegasus MarketPromotional posterHangul쌉니다 천리마마트Literal meaningCheap Cheollima MartRevised RomanizationSsamnida Cheollimamateu GenreDrama ComedyBased onCheap Cheollima Martby Kim Gyu-sam[1][2]Developed byLee Myung-hanWritten byKim Sol-jiDirected byBaek Seung-ryongStarringKim Byung-chulLee Dong-hwiCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes12ProductionCamera setupSingle-cameraProduction companiesStudio NC...

United States historic placeSuntop LookoutU.S. National Register of Historic Places LocationWhite River Ranger District on Suntop Mountain, 15 mi. NE of Mt. Rainier, Enumclaw, WashingtonCoordinates47°2′29″N 121°35′37″W / 47.04139°N 121.59361°W / 47.04139; -121.59361Arealess than one acreBuilt1933MPSUSDA Forest Service Fire Lookouts on Mt. Baker--Snoqualmie National Forest TRNRHP reference No.87001192 [1]Added to NRHPJuly 14, 1987 Suntop Lo...

 

  Same-sex marriage in Canada BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Legal Reference Re Same-Sex MarriageHalpern v Canada (AG)Civil Marriage Act Parliament 38th House · 38th Senate39th House · 39th Senate Same-sex marriage by province Related Civil unions in QuebecAdult interdependent relationship in AlbertaDomestic partnership in Nova ScotiaCommon-law relationships in Manitoba vte Part of the LGBT rights seriesLegal status ofsame-sex unions Marriage Andorra Argentina Australia Au...

 

Fictional character by Marvel Comics Comics character Awesome AndroidThe Awesome Android on the cover (background) of Rom #14 (Feb. 1981). Art by Dave Cockrum.Publication informationPublisherMarvel ComicsFirst appearanceThe Fantastic Four #15 (June 1963)Created byStan Lee (writer)Jack Kirby (artist)In-story informationSpeciesRobotTeam affiliationsA.I. ArmyGoodman, Lieber, Kurtzberg, & HolliwayHeavy MetalIntelligenciaPartnershipsMad ThinkerNotable aliasesAwesome AndyAbilities Superhuman st...

2014 single by David Guetta featuring Sam MartinDangerousSingle by David Guetta featuring Sam Martinfrom the album Listen Released6 October 2014 (2014-10-06)Recorded2014GenreSynth-popLength3:23 (radio edit)6:07 (David Guetta banging remix)LabelWhat A MusicParlophoneSongwriter(s)David GuettaGiorgio TuinfortSam MartinJason EviganLindy RobbinsProducer(s)David GuettaGiorgio TuinfortSam MartinJason EviganDavid Guetta singles chronology Lovers on the Sun (2014) Dangerous (2014) W...

 

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. LG. Данные в этой статье приведены по состоянию на 2011 год.Вы можете помочь, обновив информацию в статье. Эта статья опирается на источники, аффилированные с предметом статьи или иной заинтересованной стороной. Это может в...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!