Reserva Legal

 Nota: Se procura figura do direito societário, veja Patrimônio Líquido.

Reserva Legal, no Brasil, é um tipo de instrumento de proteção de espaços naturais previsto na Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa (Lei nº 12.651/2012, popularmente chamada "Código Florestal"). É uma área localizada no interior de uma propriedade rural, privada ou pública, que não seja a Área de Preservação Permanente (APP), necessária ao uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, à conservação e reabilitação dos processos ecológicos, à conservação da biodiversidade e ao abrigo e proteção de fauna e flora nativas.

O Código Florestal, em seu art. 12, estabelece diferentes percentuais mínimos de Reserva Legal. Acaso o imóvel seja localizado na Amazônia Legal, a Reserva Legal deve totalizar 80% da área do imóvel, se este for situado em área de florestas; 35%, se for situado em área de cerrado; 20%, se for situado em campos gerais. Já na hipótese do imóvel estar localizado nas demais regiões do país, o percentual de Reserva Legal a ser observado é único: deve representar 20% da área do imóvel.

A forma "Reserva Florestal Legal" é usada alguns poucos documentos oficiais, entretanto, seu uso é inadequado, visto que, no Brasil, ocorrem muitos tipos de vegetação campestres ou savânicas (nos Pampas, no Cerrado etc.) que também são objeto deste instrumento de proteção ambiental.

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