Mecânica quântica estocástica

A mecânica quântica estocástica (ou a interpretação estocástica) é uma interpretação da mecânica quântica.

A aplicação moderna da estocástica à mecânica quântica envolve a suposição de estocasticidade do espaço-tempo, a ideia de que a estrutura de pequena escala do espaço-tempo está passando por flutuações métricas e topológicas ("espuma quântica" de John Archibald Wheeler) e que o resultado médio de essas flutuações recria uma métrica de aparência mais convencional em escalas maiores que pode ser descrita usando a física clássica, juntamente com um elemento de não-localidade (ação à distância) que pode ser descrito usando a mecânica quântica. Uma interpretação estocástica da mecânica quântica é devida à flutuação de vácuo persistente. A ideia principal é que as flutuações do vácuo ou do espaço-tempo são a razão da mecânica quântica e não o resultado dela, como geralmente é considerado.

Mecânica estocástica

A primeira teoria estocástica relativamente coerente da mecânica quântica foi apresentada pelo físico húngaro Imre Fényes,[1] que foi capaz de mostrar que a equação de Schrödinger poderia ser entendida como um tipo de equação de difusão para um processo de Markov.[2][3]

Louis de Broglie[4] sentiu-se compelido a incorporar um processo estocástico subjacente à mecânica quântica para fazer as partículas mudarem de uma onda piloto para outra.[3] Talvez a teoria mais amplamente conhecida em que a mecânica quântica descreva um processo inerentemente estocástico tenha sido apresentada por Edward Nelson[5] e seja chamada de mecânica estocástica. Isso também foi desenvolvido por Davidson, Guerra, Ruggiero e outros.[3]

Eletrodinâmica estocástica

Ver artigo principal: Eletrodinâmica estocástica

A mecânica quântica estocástica pode ser aplicada ao campo da eletrodinâmica e é chamada eletrodinâmica estocástica (SED).[6] A SED difere profundamente da eletrodinâmica quântica (QED), mas é, no entanto, capaz de explicar alguns efeitos eletrodinâmicos de vácuo dentro de uma estrutura totalmente clássica.[7] Na eletrodinâmica clássica, assume-se que não há campos na ausência de fontes, enquanto a SED assume que sempre existe um campo clássico em constante flutuação devido à energia do ponto zero. Enquanto o campo satisfizer as equações de Maxwell, não há inconsistência a priori com essa suposição.[8] Desde que Trevor W. Marshall[9] propôs originalmente a ideia, ela tem sido de considerável interesse para um pequeno mas ativo grupo de pesquisadores.[10]

Ver também

Referências

  1. Ver I. Fényes (1946, 1952)
  2. (Davidson 1979, p. 1)
  3. a b c (de la Peña & Cetto 1996, p. 36)
  4. (de Broglie 1967)
  5. Ver E. Nelson (1966, 1985, 1986)
  6. (de la Peña & Cetto 1996, p. 65)
  7. (Milonni 1994, p. 128)
  8. (Milonni 1994, p. 290)
  9. Ver T. W. Marshall (1963, 1965)
  10. (Milonni 1994, p. 129)

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