Língua valona

Valão

Walon

Falado(a) em: Bélgica
Total de falantes: 1 120 000
Família: Indo-europeia
 itálico
  romance
   ítalo-ocidental
    ocidental
     galo-ibérica
      galo-românica
       galo-rética
        oïl
         Valão
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: wa
ISO 639-2: wln
ISO 639-3: wln

O valão (em valão: walon) é uma língua românica falada na Bélgica, mas também na França e, residualmente, no nordeste do estado americano do Wisconsin.[1] É uma langue d'oïl e não deve ser confundida com o francês belga, variante da língua francesa falada no país. É reconhecida como língua regional endógena pela comunidade francesa da Bélgica, onde é a mais importante das línguas romances. É constituído por quatro grandes variantes dialectais e uma forma padronizada. Os falantes da língua podem ser chamados "valões"[2], observando-se, entretanto, que esse termo também (e principalmente) se refere aos habitantes da Valônia.

Território

Distribuição geográfica do valão

O território valão está limitado ao norte e a leste pela fronteira linguística romance-germânica (que se desloca sem cessar na direção flamenga, a ponto de Bruxelas ser hoje uma cidade predominantemente francesa em território flamengo); a oeste, pelo picardo; ao sul, com o limite meridional seguindo o vale do rio Mosa, ao longo da fronteira franco-belga, até encontrar a fronteira linguística franco-alemã em Arlon.

A população total da Valônia supera os três milhões de habitantes, dos quais 800 000 podem, no mínimo, entender o valão. Destes, cerca de 200 000 o utilizam regularmente.

Gramática

O valão, que possui uma literatura regional notável, distingue-se por algumas características, como a conservação do s ante uma consoante surda, a manutenção do h e w germânicas. Por ser vizinho do neerlandês e do alemão, há um considerável número de elementos germânicos na língua.

Ver também

Referências

  1. Universidade do Wisconsin: coleção de documentos sobre a imigração valona no Wisconsin, registros de testemunhos orais em inglês e em valão, 1976 (em inglês)University of Wisconsin Digital Collection : Belgian-American Research Collection
  2. « L'acception linguistique […] respectivement belge et dialectologique » Albert Henry, Histoire des mots Wallon et Wallonie, Institut Jules Destrée, Coll. «Notre histoire», Mont-sur-Marchienne, 1990, 3ª ed., p. 59.

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