Língua anim

Anim
Falado(a) em:
Total de falantes: 1 516 400
Família: Nigero-congolesa
 Atlântico-Congo
  Volga-Congo
   Cua
    Nio
     Potu-Tano
      Tano
       Tano central
        Bia
         Bia setentrional
          Anim
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: ---
ISO 639-3: any

Anim ou ani (Anyin, Anyi, Agni) é o idioma dos anins,sendo e é grafada com alfabeto latino. É uma língua nigero-congolesa falada na Costa do Marfim e Gana. É uma língua cuá do ramo Tano Central, formando um continuum de dialetos junto com o baúle, e está intimamente relacionada com zema e seui.[1]

Dialetos

Os dialetos, divididos em áreas dialetais do Norte e Central, incluem Sanvim, Abé, Ano, Bona, Bini e Barabo na área Norte e Denié e Juablim na área Central. Na Costa do Marfim, existe aproximadamente 1,45 milhão de falantes nativos da língua, junto com 10 mil usuários de segunda língua; em Gana, existem aproximadamente 66 400 falantes.[2]

A língua morofo, falada por 300 mil pessoas no sudeste da Costa do Marfim, às vezes é classificada como um dialeto anim, mas também pode ser classificada como uma língua separada.[3]

Fonologia

Consoantes

Labial Labial-velar Alveolar Pós-alveolar Palatal Velar Glotal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosiva/

Africada

surda p kp t [c k ʔ
sonora b gb d ɟ g
Fricativa surda f s ʃ h
Aproximante j w
Vibrante r]

Vogais

Frontal Posterior
Fechada Frontal fechada não arredondada - i Frontal quase fechada não arredondada - ɪ Frontal quase fechada não arredondada - ʊ Posteror fechada arredondada - u
Medial Frontal meio fechada - e Frontal meio aberta não arredondada - ɛ Posterior meio aberta - ɔ o
Aberta Frontal aberta não arredondada - a

As seguintes vogais podem ser nasalizadas: /ĩ/, /ɪ̃/, /ã/, /ũ/, /ʊ̃/.[4][5]

Tons

O anim tem dois tons de nível, alto e médio; dois tons de contorno, alto-baixo e baixo-alto; e um tom neutro.[1][4] Os tons são distinguidos ortograficamente apenas para distinguir pares mínimos e construções gramaticais, ou quando duas vogais idênticas com tons diferentes co-ocorrem: cf. ⟨Baá⟩ ([bàá], "criança") vs. ⟨ba⟩ ([bá], "chegar", "vir").[1]

Gramática

O anim tem os seguinte pronomes pessoais:[6]

Pessoa Singular Plural
sujeito
não-sujeito mĩ́
sujeito ɛ émɔ́
não-sujeito wɔ́
sujeito ɔ bɛ́
não-sujeito bɛ́

Referências

  1. a b c Koffi, Ettien N'da (1990). The interface between phonology and morpho(phono)logy in the standardization of Anyi orthography (PDF) (Tese de PhD). Indiana University 
  2. «Anyin». Ethnologue (em inglês). Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2020 
  3. «Anyin Morofo». Ethnologue (em inglês). Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2020 
  4. a b Ahua, Mouchi Blaise (2004). Conditions linguistiques pour une orthographe de l´agni: une analyse contrastive des dialectes sanvi et djuablin [Condições linguísticas para uma ortografia do Agni: uma análise contrastiva dos dialetos Sanvi e Djuablin] (Tese de PhD) (em francês). Universidade de Osnabruque 
  5. «Inventory Anyi (GM 1298)». PHOIBLE 2.0 -. Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2020 
  6. Burmeister, Jonathan (1988). «Personal pronouns in Anyi and related languages». Journal of West African Languages. 18 (2): 83-104. Consultado em 4 de janeiro de 2020 

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

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