Fricativas laterais dentais e alveolares sonoras

Fricativa lateral alveolar sonora
ɮ

A fricativa lateral alveolar sonora é um tipo de som consonantal, usado em algumas línguas faladas. O símbolo no Alfabeto Fonético Internacional que representa as fricativas laterais dentais, alveolares e pós-alveolares expressas é ⟨ɮ⟩ (vezes referido como lezh), e o símbolo X-SAMPA equivalente é K\.[1]

Características

  • Sua forma de articulação é fricativa, ou seja, produzida pela constrição do fluxo de ar por um canal estreito no local da articulação, causando turbulência.
  • Seu local de articulação é alveolar, o que significa que é articulado com a ponta ou a lâmina da língua na crista alveolar, denominada respectivamente apical e laminal.
  • Sua fonação é sonora, o que significa que as cordas vocais vibram durante a articulação.
  • É uma consoante oral, o que significa que o ar só pode escapar pela boca.
  • É uma consoante lateral, o que significa que é produzida direcionando o fluxo de ar para os lados da língua, em vez de para o meio.
  • O mecanismo da corrente de ar é pulmonar, o que significa que é articulado empurrando o ar apenas com os pulmões e o diafragma, como na maioria dos sons.[2]

Ocorrência

Dental ou denti-alveolar

Língua Palavra AFI Significado Notas
Amis Sotaque kangko Interdental [ɮ̪͆]

Alveolar

Língua Palavra AFI Significado Notas
Adyghe къалэ [qaːɮa] 'Cidade' Também pode ser pronunciado como [l]
Bura [3]   Contrasta com [ɬ] e ʎ̝̊. [3]
Cabardiana блы [bɮə] 'Sete' Também pode ser pronunciado como [l]
Ket  
mongol долоо [tɔɮɔː] 'Sete' Às vezes percebido como [ɬ]
Sassarês ca l dhu [ˈkaɮdu] 'quente'
Tera [4] dlepti [ɮè̞pti] 'plantio'
Zulu [5] indlala [ínˈɮàlà] 'fome'

Além disso, uma fricativa lateral alveolar sonora faringealizada [ɮˤ] foi reconstruída para ser a antiga pronúncia árabe clássica de Ḍād; a letra agora é pronunciada no árabe padrão moderno como uma parada coronal sonora faringealizada, como alveolar [dˤ] ou denti-alveolar[d̪ˤ].[1]

Notas

Em 1938, um símbolo com formato semelhante ao heng ⟨ꜧ⟩ foi aprovado como o símbolo oficial do IPA para a fricativa lateral alveolar sonora, substituindo ⟨ɮ⟩. Foi sugerido ao mesmo tempo, no entanto, que um compromisso em forma de algo entre os dois também pode ser usado a critério do autor. Foi essa versão de compromisso que foi incluída nos Princípios da Associação Fonética Internacional de 1949 e nas tabelas IPA subsequentes, até que foi substituída novamente por ⟨ɮ⟩ na Convenção de Kiel de 1989.[6] Apesar da prescrição da Associação, ⟨ɮ⟩ ainda é visto na literatura das décadas de 1960 a 1980.[7][8][9][10][11]

Antigo simbolo de ɮ

Referências

  1. a b Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants. [S.l.]: Blackwell 
  2. Grønnum, Nina (2005). Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk. [S.l.: s.n.] 
  3. a b Grønnum (2005).
  4. Tench (2007), p. 228.
  5. Ladefoged (2005), p. 170.
  6. Wells, John (3 Novembro 2006). «"The symbol ɮ".». University College London, Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, John Wells’s phonetic blog. 
  7. Newman, Paul (1964). "A word list of Tera". [S.l.]: Journal of West African Languages. pp. 33–50 
  8. Catford; Ladefoged, J. C; Peter (1968). Working Papers in Phonetics 11: Practical Phonetic Exercises. [S.l.]: University of California, Los Angeles. 
  9. Brosnahan; Malmberg, L. F.; Bertil (1970). Introduction to Phonetics. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 105 
  10. Ladefoged, Peter (1971). Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics. [S.l.]: University of Chicago Press. p. 54 
  11. MacKay, Ian (1987). Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production. [S.l.]: Little, Brown and Company. p. 106 

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