Formações Aéreas Voluntárias

Dornier 27, uma das aeronaves mais utilizadas pelas FAV.

As Formações Aéreas Voluntárias (FAV) - ocasionalmente referidas como "Forças Aéreas Voluntárias" - constituíram uma organização de milícia aérea criada em 1962 como corpo auxiliar da Força Aérea Portuguesa na Guerra do Ultramar. As FAV eram constituídas por civis (pilotos e pessoal de terra), normalmente pertencentes a aeroclubes, que operavam aeronaves ligeiras pertencentes aos próprios clubes ou à Força Aérea, sob o comando de um oficial militar. Cada FAV estava adida a uma unidade da Força Aérea, na dependência operacional do comando de região aérea. As FAV funcionaram em Angola e Moçambique.

Aeronave ligeira da FAP, Dornier DO-27 junto à Igreja de Nambuangongo (no final da pista que se pode ver na perpendicular) cuja matrícula parece ser 3427, que corresponde ao c/n 2125. Angola, 1962.
Aeronave ligeira "Auster" com marcações do Aero Clube de Angola (ACA), ao serviço das Formações Aéreas Voluntárias - FAV 201, acidentada após aterragem falhada. De notar a péssima qualidade do piso da pista e a ausência de meios de apoio à aterragem. Nambuangongo, Angola, 1962.

A primeira FAV a ser criada foi a Formação Aérea Voluntária n.º 201 (FAV 201) em Luanda, organizada pelo Aeroclube de Angola e adida à Base Aérea n.º 9. A FAV 201 foi formada a partir da Esquadrilha de Voluntários do Ar (EVA) que tinha sido constituída por pilotos civis voluntários que auxiliaram as Forças Armadas Portuguesas nas operações anti-guerrilha no Norte de Angola em 1961.

Missões

As FAV executavam sobretudo missões de apoio logístico às Forças Armadas e população civil, com o fim de libertarem os pilotos militares da Força Aérea para missões de combate. Essencialmente as missões eram as seguintes:

  • Observação, Vigilância Aérea e Reconhecimento Visual (RVIS);
  • Escuta Rádio;
  • Reconhecimento Fotográfico (RFOT);
  • Busca e Salvamento;
  • Lançamento de Reabastecimentos e Munições por Pára-Quedas;
  • Lançamentos Livres;
  • Evacuação Sanitária (TEVS);
  • Transporte de Mensagens e Ligação Logística (DLIG).

De notar que, em alguns casos raros, sobretudo nas primeiras operações no norte de Angola, as FAV chegaram a realizar operações de combate, nomeadamente de reconhecimento armado (ATIR) e ataque em apoio das forças de superfície (ATAP).

Unidades

Foram constituídas FAV em Angola (na dependência da 2.ª Região Aérea) e em Moçambique (na 3.ª Região Aérea), nomeadamente:

Angola

Moçambique

Aeroclubes participantes na organização de FAV

  • Aeroclube de Angola (Luanda);
  • Aeroclube de António Enes;
  • Aeroclube da Beira;
  • Aeroclube do Bié;
  • Aeroclube de Cabo Delgado (Porto Amélia);
  • Aeroclube do Congo (Carmona);
  • Aeroclube de Gaza (João Belo);
  • Aeroclube do Huambo (Nova Lisboa);
  • Aeroclube de Inhambane;
  • Aeroclube do Lumbo;
  • Aeroclube de Malange;
  • Aeroclube de Moçambique (Lourenço Marques);
  • Aeroclube de Sanza Pombo.
  • Clube Aeronáutico do Niassa (Nampula);

Aeronaves Utilizadas

Aeronaves pertencentes à Força Aérea

Aeronaves pertencentes a aeroclubes e a privados

Referências

  • FERREIRA, Pedro Manuel, FAV - Formações Aéreas Voluntárias - Uma Singularidade no Teatro de Guerra Africano - Parte I in Revista Mais Alto nº 348, março/abril de 2004
  • FERREIRA, Pedro Manuel, FAV - Formações Aéreas Voluntárias - Uma Singularidade no Teatro de Guerra Africano - Parte II in Revista Mais Alto nº 349, maio/junho de 2004
  • LOPES, Mário Canongia, Os Aviões da Cruz de Cristo, Lisboa: Dinalivro, 1988

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