Magnentius

Magnentius
Født303Rediger på Wikidata
Amiens (Gallia)
Død11. aug. 353Rediger på Wikidata
Lyon
BeskjeftigelsePolitiker Rediger på Wikidata
Embete
EktefelleJustina
SøskenDecentius
NasjonalitetRomerriket

Bronsemynt (centenionalis) preget av Magnentius

Flavius Magnus Magnentius (født ca. 303, død 11. august 353) var keiser i Vestromerriket fra 350 til 353. Han var general i den romerske hæren og er blitt betraktet som en usurpator (tronraner). Magnentius var av germansk avstamning og tjenestegjorde i Gallia under keiser Konstans. Den 18. januar 350 ble han utropt til augustus (romersk keiser) og han overmannet og drepte den regjerende keiser Konstans. Keiseren i Østromerriket[1], Konstantius II, som også var bror til Konstans, nektet å anerkjenne Magnentius og gikk til krig mot ham. Denne romerske borgerkrigen (350-353) endte med seier for Konstantius II da opprørerne ble slått i et slag ved Mons Seleucus, og Magnentius tok sitt eget liv den 11. august 353.[2]

Magnentius’ korte regjeringstid var preget av hans forsøk på å skaffe seg legitimitet som keiser. Han hadde ikke noe slektskap til Konstantin den store (regjerte 306-337) som ville gitt ham legitimitet, men han prøvde å skaffe seg støtte i folket ved å fremstille seg som den som befridde dem fra Konstans’ tyranni. De få reformene han fikk gjennomført ble raskt reversert av Konstantius II etter 353.[2] Noe av striden mellom den vestlige og den østlige delen av Romerriket hadde også utgangspunkt i den bitre religiøse striden mellom den ortodokse katolisismen og arianismen som preget denne tidsepoken. I vestriket var pavekirkens ortodokse kristendom dominerende, mens Konstantius II i østriket bekjente seg til arianismen.

Den viktigste konsekvensen av Magnentius’ opprør var at kampene mellom ham og Konstantius II førte til vanvittig store tap av soldater på begge sider, noe som gjorde Romerriket sårbart for angrep fra «barbariske» folkeslag. Spesielt gjaldt det slaget ved Mursa Major i 351.[3] Konstantius II klarte i dette slaget å jage Magnentius på flukt, men store tap også hos Konstantius II førte til at han måtte bruke tid på å oppta den videre kampen mot tronraneren.

Hans endelige seier over Magnentius kom først i slaget ved Mons Seleucus i 353.

Referanser

  1. ^ Romerriket var på 300-tallet i en prosess med oppdeling i et øst- og et vestrike.
  2. ^ a b Barnes 1993 & s. 101-108.
  3. ^ Zosimus 2017 & 2.43-55.

Kilder

  • Timothy David Barnes (1993). Athanasius and Constantius: theology and politics in the Constantinian empire. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-05067-3. 
  • Zosimus av Konstantinopel (2017). New History (Nova Historia). Leiden. ISBN 978-90-04-34458-7. 

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