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Osmoze

Osmoze - zilās bumbiņas (molekulas) netiek cauri puscaurlaidīgai membrānai, bet rozā šķidrums (šķidrums vai gāze) tiek. Balanss tiek sasniegts, kad abās pusēs rozā šķidruma daudzums uz bumbiņu ir vienāds

Osmoze (grieķu: ὄσμος (ōsmos) — 'spiediens, grūdiens') ir izšķīdušu vielu sūkšanās caur puscaurlaidīgo membrānu.

Divos dažādas koncentrācijas šķīdumos, kurus atdala membrāna, šķīdinātāja daļiņām piemīt atšķirīgs brīvās enerģijas daudzums, šīm daļiņām ir dažāda aktivitāte. Jo koncentrētāks šķīdums, jo mazāka aktivitāte piemīt tā daļiņām. Osmoze novērojama, augam uzsūcot ūdeni caur saknēm no augsnes tāpēc, ka saknēs sāļu koncentrācija ir augstāka nekā augsnei. Osmotiskais spiediens – šķīduma tilpums, pieplūstot šķīdinātājam palielinās, līdz tam pietrūkst telpas, spiediens, kas darbojas uz šo telpu, ir osmotiskais spiediens, kas atkarīgs no šķīduma koncentrācijas un temperatūras.

Osmozes darbību varētu raksturot šādi:

  1. Puscaurlaidīga membrāna atdala divus šķīdumus;
  2. Vienā pusē ir mazāka izšķīdinātās vielas koncentrācija, bet otrā pusē izšķīdinātās vielas koncentrācija ir lielāka;
  3. Puscaurlaidīgā membrāna neļauj notikt izšķīdinātās vielas pārejai;
  4. Notiek ūdens molekulu plūsma caur puscaurlaidīgo membrānu;
  5. Puscaurlaidīgās membrānas tajā pusē, kurā bija lielāka izšķīdinātās vielas koncentrācija, palielinās šķidruma daudzums. Rodās osmotiskais spiediens;

Līdzīgas osmozes reakcijas notiek šūnās, kuras atrodas starp dažādiem šķīdumiem.[1]

Atšķirība starp osmozi un difūziju

Osmozē notiek molekulu reakcija tikai starp tām daļām, kas tiek cauri puscaurlaidīgajai membrānai - tie ir šķidrumi vai gāzes. Difūzijā šādas membrānas nepastāv un reakcija notiek starp visām šķidruma vai gāzes un molekulu daļām.[2]

Skatīt arī


Atsauces

  1. Silvija S. Madera. «Mācību grāmata "Bioloģija 1.daļa", 104.lpp», 2001.gads. Skatīts: 09.10.2021.
  2. "Osmosis" (en). Wikipedia. 2021-09-05.


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