Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii

Wikidata Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii
Res apud Vicidata repertae:
Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii: subscriptio
Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii: subscriptio
Nativitas: 4 Septembris 1768; Maclovium
Obitus: 4 Iulii 1848; Lutetia
Patria: Francia
Nomen nativum: François-Auguste-René de Chateaubriand

Familia

Genitores: René-Auguste de Chateaubriand; Apolline Jeanne Suzanne de Bédée
Coniunx: Céleste de Chateaubriand
Familia: Chateaubriant family

Memoria

Sepultura: tomb of Chateaubriand

Insignia heraldica

Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii: insigne
Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii: insigne
Renatus Castribrientii, anno fere 1786; nomen pictoris nescimus
Itinerarium a Lutetia Hierosolymam et ab Hierosolyma Lutetiam
Sepulcrum eius in Britannia Minore

Franciscus Renatus, vicecomes Castribrientii[1] vel Chateaubriandus[2] (Francogallice: Chateaubriand, natus 4 Septembris 1768 et mortuus 4 Iulii 1848) fuit vir politicus, nuntius et scriptor Francicus more Romanticismo. Anno 1811 in Academiam Francicam cooptatus est.

Vita

Nobili genere natus scholas Dolae Britonum, Dinnani et Condati Redonum frequentavit et aut militem classicum aut clericum fieri vellet. Denique cohortem Navarrae intravit. Patre anno 1786 mortuo Lutetiam iit ubi eum noscebant Evaristus de Parny, Petrus Ludovicus Ginguené, Le Brun, Nicolaus Chamfort et cogitationem liberam fovebat. Anno 1791 in Americam Septentrionalem navigavit ubi menses quinque manebat. Reversus in matrimonium duxit mulierem divitem et Theudonevillae in exercitu emigratorio vulneratus est. Anno 1793 Londinium fugit, ubi inops vitam degebat et opus Essai sur les révolutions, etc. (Londinii 1797) pactum est. Quod opus mixtura est praeiudiciorum, dubitationis religionis, philosophiae Russaviensis. Postquam anno 1798 de morte matris certior factus esset, ad christianismum positivum allatus est. Quo animo exaravit opus Génie du christianisme (1802), religionis Christianae apologiam splendidissimam quae neque historica neque dogmatica sed poetica atque aesthetica est. Nihilominus a theologis quoque impetus multiplex in eum facti sunt et Ecclesia Catholica Romana opus in Indicem librorum prohibitorum posuit. Unum annum ante in periodico Mercure de France historiunculam Atala verbis luxuriosis omnes captantibus vulgavit, ubi bella Americae natura cum christiana sobrietate ieiunosa iungitur.

Effectum similem habuit René, ou les effets des passions, episodus quaedam, quam Castribrientius anno 1807 ex opere integro abscidit, genus Vertherii christiani quasi cum Georgii Byron dolie mundana et voluptate Fausti. Agitur, ut patet, de auctoris ipsius vita. Finem operis René fecerunt verba Les Natchez, anno 1825 impressa. Cum Castribrientius anno 1800 in Franciam reveniret, Consulatui se adiunxit et anno 1803 Romam legatus iit. Sed mox eum harum rerum taeduit et caedes ducis de Enghien anno 1804 commissa occasio se praebuit, ut demissionem postularet. Anno 1806 ad iter orientale se paravit: Graeciam, Palaestinam, Africam et Hispaniam visitavit. Inde scripsit religiosum epos in prosa Les Martyrs (1809; labores hos iam anno 1802 ceperat) necnon Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem (1811) cum topographicis descriptionibus. Ambo opera magna et genere perfecto esse constat. Anno 1811 in Academiam Franciam cooptatus est pro Maria Iosepho Chénier, homine seditioso et criticissimo. Quoniam dignae laudes de praedecessore habere noluit, Napoleo Bonaparte ipse orationi accusatoriae vetuit. Hinc imperatori se opponebat et in tota Francia illustris fiebat. Odium maxime sentiebatur in libello criminoso De Buonaparte, des Bourbons etc., qui post Napoleonis eversionem anno 1814 editus est et, secundum opinionem Ludovici XVIII, arma commina velut legio habuit. Centum Napoleonis diebus tamen minister creatus est et postea senator Franciae. Dicitur is homo magis monarchiae fautor fuisse quam rex ipse. De hoc testimonium perhibent scripta »Réflexions politiques« (1814) et »De la monarchie selon la charte« (1816). Insolentia autem eius regem indignabundum fecit antequam reconciliatio celebraretur in opere »Mémoires, lettres et pièces authentiques touchant la vie et la mort du duc de Berri« (1820).

Anno 1820 Berolini nuntius diplomaticus factus est, postea minister et legatus Londiniensis, plenipotentiarius in Congressu Veronensi et die 28 Decembris 1822 minister rerum externarum. Eo munere autem bella Hispanicam excitavit, quam expeditionem infelix Hispania usque sufferre debuit. Sed eius superbia effecit ut, cum homine politico Ioanne Baptista de Villèle rixaretur. Demissus oppositionem liberalem intravit et diurnariis auxiliantibus institutiones de Villèle omnes concidi voluit.

In periodico praetitulato Journal des Débats tractationes valde volubiles de libertate instrumentis communicationis socialis danda, contra censuram et de Graecia restauranda (»Note sur la Grèce«) scripsit. Minister liberalis Ioannes Baptista Gay de Martignac eum anno 1828 legatum Romanum instituit, quo a munere iam anno 1829 se rettulit ministro Iulio de Polignac. Rebus novis Iuliis, quibus Castribrientius particeps non fuit, res mutabantur. Ius iurandum pro Ludovico Philippo recusavit parlamentum relicturus. Sed dynastiae regiae porro fidelis fuit, qui et ideis republicanis magis magisque inflammatus est (cf. amicitiam eius cum dominis Carrel et Béranger). Pro gente Burbonia itinera fecit, e.g. 1831 Pragam, anno 1843 ad Belgrave Square), nisi commentarios suos privatos in monasterio Abbaye-aux-Bois exaravit apud amicam Récamier. Cum ea viginti annos vixit et in eius diaetis a multis Francogallis olim celebratus erat. Sculptor Millet ei Maclovium monumentum fecit.

Opera alia et gravitas

Ex aliis operibus mentionis digna sint haec: Les aventures du dernier des Abencérages (1826; res gestae in Hispania); Etudes ou discours historiques (1831); Voyages en Amérique, en France et en Italie (1827); Essai sur la littérature anglaise (1836); conversio mythistoriae de Paradiso amisso; Mémoires d'outretombe (propter res nimis privatas editio praevisa non fuit; crumina aegrotante tamen id factum est: deceptio autem in lectoribus magna fuit propter argumentorum vanitate). Summus linguae artifex, poeta phantasticus prosas praeferens et a fontibus antiquioribus mutuum sumens, in saeculi XIX cultura revera dominabatur. In litteris pangendis consulebat Fontane et Bertin. Prima omnium operum editio facta est annis inter 1826 et 1821. Nonnulla opera imaginibus auxit Gustavus Doré.

Notae

  1. Cf. nomen proavi, variatim in fontibus lectum: "Ego Gaufridus Castri Brientii Dominus" (Du Cange s.v. "Burgenses"); "Galfridus, dominus Castribrientii" (Jean-Marie Pardessus, Edouard René Lefebvre de Laboulaye, Table chronologique des diplômes: années 1271-1302, 1868, Lutetiae, Imprimerie Impériale, T. VII, p. 173); "Ego Gauffredus, dominus Castribrienti" (p. 355 apud Google Books).
    De nomine urbis Castrum Brientii vel Castrobriandum derivatum est, unde et gens nobilis Castrobriandi nuncupatur (e.g. Ioannis de Bussieres SI Historicae Francicae tom. II, Lugduni 1761, p. 362; Index nominum proprium quae in Historiis I.A. Thuani leguntur, 1634; Aloisiae Sigeae satyra Sotadica etc.)
  2. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, ed. C.G. Siebelis (p. 164 sect. 7); Friderici Koester De religionis ac poeseos confinio recte dignoscendo quaestiones, Kiliae 1825 (p. 30 nota subiuncta b).

Bibliographia

  • Edoardo Costadura: Der Edelmann am Schreibpult. Zum Selbstverständnis aristokratischer Literaten zwischen Renaissance und Revolution. Niemeyer, Tubingae 2006.
  • Reinhold R. Grimm: Wendezeiten, Revolution und Poesie: François-René de Chateaubriand in: Jenaer Universitätsreden 15, 2005, p. 41–70.
  • Manfred Lentzen: Francois-René de Chateaubriand in: Französische Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts. I. Romantik und Realismus. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelbergae 1979, p. 189–216.
  • Friedrich Sieburg: Chateaubriand. Romantik und Politik. DVA, 1959
  • Winfried Wehle: Kinästhetik. Schreiben im Bilde des Vesuv. Goethe - Chateaubriand. In: Jörn Steigerwald, Rudolf Behrens (ed.): Räume des Subjekts um 1800. Zur imaginativen Selbstverortung des Individuums zwischen Spätaufklärung und Romantik. Harrassowitz, Aquis Mattiacis 2010, p. 145–171. ISBN 978-3-447-06127-8 PDF

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Franciscum Renatum Castribrientii spectant.
Lexica biographica:  Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana • Den store danske • Deutsche Biographie • Commentatio Theodisce, Francogallice, Italice apud Lexicon historicum Helveticum • Treccani • Store norske leksikon • • Grove Art


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