테크네튬 동위 원소

테크네튬안정 동위 원소가 존재하지 않는다. 자연계에 존재하는 테크네튬은 99Tc이 가장 많이 존재하며 자발 핵분열의 생성물로써 매우 미량 존재한다.

99mTc은 의료에 이용된다.

인공적으로 합성한 테크네튬의 동위 원소로는 85Tc에서 118Tc까지이며, 이들 중 97Tc의 반감기는 260만년, 98Tc의 반감기가 423만년으로 매우 길다. 97Tc, 98Tc, 99Tc은 태양계 초창기에는 많이 존재했었지만, 반감기가 짧아 자연계에서는 이미 오래전에 사라진 절멸 핵종이다.

핵자수 97 이하는 몰리브데넘의 동위 원소로, 98 이상은 루테늄의 동위 원소로 붕괴한다.

테크네튬-97

태양계 초창기에는 존재했었지만 절멸 핵종으로 현재는 존재하지 않는다. 반감기는 260만년이다.

테크네튬-98

태양계 초창기에는 존재했었지만 절멸 핵종으로 현재는 존재하지 않는다. 반감기가 423만년으로 테크네튬 동위체들 중 가장 안정하다.

테크네튬-99m

원자로의 핵폐기물에서 생성되었다가 사라지는 동위체로 반감기는 6시간이다. 따라서 주로 이 동위체는 의학과 실험용으로 많이 이용하는데 실험용 원자로를 따로 만들어 여기서 추출한다. 우라늄-235의 핵분열 생성물들 중 높은 비율로 생성되기 때문에 실험용 소형 원자로에서 우라늄-235를 일정량 태운 후 즉시 재처리한다.

반감기가 비교적 긴 몰리브데넘-99 상태로 많이 얻어지는데 이 동위체의 반감기는 2.7489일이다. 이 동위체는 100% 테크네튬-99m으로 붕괴되므로 몰리브데넘-99를 포장하여 이것을 즉시 의학, 실험용 등으로 많이 이용하고 있다. 142.6 KeV의 감마선을 내뿜으며 반감기가 짧아 충분히 많은 양의 감마선을 내뿜으므로 의학에 매우 중요한 용도로 사용하고 있다.

테크네튬-99

반감기가 21만 1100년으로 절멸 핵종이지만 우라늄의 자발 핵분열로 인해 자연계에 미량 존재한다. 원자로의 핵분열 생성물들 중 많은 비율로 생성되므로 매년 500톤 이상 생성된다. 백금처럼 아름다운 빛깔을 띄며 레늄과 성질이 비슷한 보석계통의 원소이지만 방사성 동위 원소이므로 위험해서 실생활에는 쓰이지 않는다.

다른 백금족 원소들이 그렇듯이 부식억제제로 선박과 금속 코팅, 박막 등으로 쓰일 수 있으며 특히 부식억제제의 효과면에서는 다른 어떤 금속에 비해 뛰어난 효과를 보여주지만 실제로는 위험해서 실험용으로 제한된 용도로만 쓰인다. 약한 베타선과 긴 반감기로 얇은 차폐막으로 충분히 차폐가 되므로 핵폐기물로 보관하기에는 위험성이 적다.

핵자
Z(p) N(n)  
동위 원소 질량 (u)
 
반감기 붕괴
방식[1][n 1]
붕괴 생성
동위 원소(s)[n 2]

스핀
들뜬 에너지
85Tc 43 42 84.94883(43)# <110 ns β+ 85Mo 1/2-#
p 84Mo
β+, p 84Nb
86Tc 43 43 85.94288(32)# 55(6) ms β+ 86Mo (0+)
86mTc 1500(150) keV 1.11(21) µs (5+,5-)
87Tc 43 44 86.93653(32)# 2.18(16) s β+ 87Mo 1/2-#
87mTc 20(60)# keV 2# s 9/2+#
88Tc 43 45 87.93268(22)# 5.8(2) s β+ 88Mo (2,3)
88mTc 0(300)# keV 6.4(8) s β+ 88Mo (6,7,8)
89Tc 43 46 88.92717(22)# 12.8(9) s β+ 89Mo (9/2+)
89mTc 62.6(5) keV 12.9(8) s β+ 89Mo (1/2-)
90Tc 43 47 89.92356(26) 8.7(2) s β+ 90Mo 1+
90mTc 310(390) keV 49.2(4) s β+ 90Mo (8+)
91Tc 43 48 90.91843(22) 3.14(2) min β+ 91Mo (9/2)+
91mTc 139.3(3) keV 3.3(1) min β+ (99%) 91Mo (1/2)-
IT (1%) 91Tc
92Tc 43 49 91.915260(28) 4.25(15) min β+ 92Mo (8)+
92mTc 270.15(11) keV 1.03(7) µs (4+)
93Tc 43 50 92.910249(4) 2.75(5) h β+ 93Mo 9/2+
93m1Tc 391.84(8) keV 43.5(10) min IT (76.6%) 93Tc 1/2-
β+ (23.7%) 93Mo
93m2Tc 2185.16(15) keV 10.2(3) µs (17/2)-
94Tc 43 51 93.909657(5) 293(1) min β+ 94Mo 7+
94mTc 75.5(19) keV 52.0(10) min β+ (99.9%) 94Mo (2)+
IT (0.1%) 94Tc
95Tc 43 52 94.907657(6) 20.0(1) h β+ 95Mo 9/2+
95mTc 38.89(5) keV 61(2) d β+ (96.12%) 95Mo 1/2-
IT (3.88%) 95Tc
96Tc 43 53 95.907871(6) 4.28(7) d β+ 96Mo 7+
96mTc 34.28(7) keV 51.5(10) min IT (98%) 96Tc 4+
β+ (2%) 96Mo
97Tc 43 54 96.906365(5) 2.6×106 a ε 97Mo 9/2+
97mTc 96.56(6) keV 91.4(8) d IT (99.66%) 97Tc 1/2-
ε (0.34%) 97Mo
98Tc 43 55 97.907216(4) 4.2(3)×106 a β- 98Ru (6)+
98mTc 90.76(16) keV 14.7(3) µs (2)-
99Tc[n 3] 43 56 98.9062547(21) 2.111(12)×105 a β- 99Ru 9/2+
99mTc[n 4] 142.6832(11) keV 6.0058(12) h IT (99.99%) 99Tc 1/2-
β- (0.0037%) 99Ru
100Tc 43 57 99.9076578(24) 15.8(1) s β- (99.99%) 100Ru 1+
ε (0.0018%) 100Mo
100m1Tc 200.67(4) keV 8.32(14) µs (4)+
100m2Tc 243.96(4) keV 3.2(2) µs (6)+
101Tc 43 58 100.907315(26) 14.22(1) min β- 101Ru 9/2+
101mTc 207.53(4) keV 636(8) µs 1/2-
102Tc 43 59 101.909215(10) 5.28(15) s β- 102Ru 1+
102mTc 20(10) keV 4.35(7) min β- (98%) 102Ru (4,5)
IT (2%) 102Tc
103Tc 43 60 102.909181(11) 54.2(8) s β- 103Ru 5/2+
104Tc 43 61 103.91145(5) 18.3(3) min β- 104Ru (3+)#
104m1Tc 69.7(2) keV 3.5(3) µs 2(+)
104m2Tc 106.1(3) keV 0.40(2) µs (+)
105Tc 43 62 104.91166(6) 7.6(1) min β- 105Ru (3/2-)
106Tc 43 63 105.914358(14) 35.6(6) s β- 106Ru (1,2)
107Tc 43 64 106.91508(16) 21.2(2) s β- 107Ru (3/2-)
107mTc 65.7(10) keV 184(3) ns (5/2-)
108Tc 43 65 107.91846(14) 5.17(7) s β- 108Ru (2)+
109Tc 43 66 108.91998(10) 860(40) ms β- (99.92%) 109Ru 3/2-#
β-, n (0.08%) 108Ru
110Tc 43 67 109.92382(8) 0.92(3) s β- (99.96%) 110Ru (2+)
β-, n (0.04%) 109Ru
111Tc 43 68 110.92569(12) 290(20) ms β- (99.15%) 111Ru 3/2-#
β-, n (0.85%) 110Ru
112Tc 43 69 111.92915(13) 290(20) ms β- (97.4%) 112Ru 2+#
β-, n (2.6%) 111Ru
113Tc 43 70 112.93159(32)# 170(20) ms β- 113Ru 3/2-#
114Tc 43 71 113.93588(64)# 150(30) ms β- 114Ru 2+#
115Tc 43 72 114.93869(75)# 100# ms [>300 ns] β- 115Ru 3/2-#
116Tc 43 73 115.94337(75)# 90# ms [>300 ns] 2+#
117Tc 43 74 116.94648(75)# 40# ms [>300 ns] 3/2-#
118Tc 43 75 117.95148(97)# 30# ms [>300 ns] 2+#
  1. 약어:
    IT: 이성질핵 전이
  2. 안정 동위 원소는 굵은 글씨로, 안정에 가까운 동위 원소는 굵은 흘림체로 표기 (우주의 나이보다 반감기가 긴 경우)
  3. 반감기가 긴 붕괴 생성물
  4. 의학에 이용

각주

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