넵투늄 동위 원소

넵투늄(Np)은 인공 원소로 안정 동위 원소는 없다. 가장 먼저 합성된 동위 원소는 239Np로, 1940년 238U중성자를 충돌시켜 239U을 생성했다. 239U가 바로 베타 붕괴를 해서 239Np이 만들어졌다.

자연적으로 우라늄 원자가 중성자 포획을 통해 미량의 넵투늄이 생성되기도 한다.

20 종류의 방사성 동위 원소가 알려져 있다. 그 중에서 237Np이 반감기 214만 년, 236Np이 반감기 154,000년, 235Np가 반감기 396.1 일로 안정적인 편이다. 다른 동위 원소의 반감기는 4.5 일 미만이며, 대부분은 50 분이 채 되지 않는다. 또한 네 종류의 준안정 이성질핵이 알려져 있으며, 그 중에서 236mNp이 반감기 22.5 시간으로 가장 안정적이다.

핵종
기호
Z(p) N(n)  
동위 원소 질량 (u)
 
반감기 붕괴
방식[1][n 1]
붕괴
생성물

스핀
들뜬 에너지
225Np 93 132 225.03391(8) 3# ms [>2 µs] α 221Pa 9/2-#
226Np 93 133 226.03515(10)# 35(10) ms α 222Pa
227Np 93 134 227.03496(8) 510(60) ms α (99.95%) 223Pa 5/2-#
β+ (0.05%) 227U
228Np 93 135 228.03618(21)# 61.4(14) s β+ (59%) 228U
α (41%) 224Pa
β+, SF (0.012%) 다양
229Np 93 136 229.03626(9) 4.0(2) min α (51%) 225Pa 5/2+#
β+ (49%) 229U
230Np 93 137 230.03783(6) 4.6(3) min β+ (97%) 230U
α (3%) 226Pa
231Np 93 138 231.03825(5) 48.8(2) min β+ (98%) 231U (5/2)(+#)
α (2%) 227Pa
232Np 93 139 232.04011(11)# 14.7(3) min β+ (99.99%) 232U (4+)
α (0.003%) 228Pa
233Np 93 140 233.04074(5) 36.2(1) min β+ (99.99%) 233U (5/2+)
α (0.001%) 229Pa
234Np 93 141 234.042895(9) 4.4(1) d β+ 234U (0+)
235Np 93 142 235.0440633(21) 396.1(12) d ε 235U 5/2+
α (0.0026%) 231Pa
236Np 93 143 236.04657(5) 1.54(6)×105 a ε (87.3%) 236U (6-)
β- (12.5%) 236Pu
α (0.16%) 232Pa
236mNp 60(50) keV 22.5(4) h ε (52%) 236U 1
β- (48%) 236Pu
237Np[n 2][n 3] 93 144 237.0481734(20) 2.144(7)×106 a α 233Pa 5/2+
SF (2×10−10%) 다양
CD (4×10−12%) 207Tl
30Mg
238Np 93 145 238.0509464(20) 2.117(2) d β- 238Pu 2+
238mNp 2300(200)# keV 112(39) ns
239Np 93 146 239.0529390(22) 2.356(3) d β- 239Pu 5/2+
240Np 93 147 240.056162(16) 61.9(2) min β- 240Pu (5+)
240mNp 20(15) keV 7.22(2) min β- (99.89%) 240Pu 1(+)
IT (0.11%) 240Np
241Np 93 148 241.05825(8) 13.9(2) min β- 241Pu (5/2+)
242Np 93 149 242.06164(21) 2.2(2) min β- 242Pu (1+)
242mNp 0(50)# keV 5.5(1) min 6+#
243Np 93 150 243.06428(3)# 1.85(15) min β- 243Pu (5/2-)
244Np 93 151 244.06785(32)# 2.29(16) min β- 244Pu (7-)
  1. 약자:
    CD: 뭉치 붕괴
    ε: 전자 포획
    IT: 이성질핵 전이
    SF: 자발 핵분열
  2. 핵분열성 핵종
  3. 가장 일반적인 핵종

각주

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