Tetraclinis articulata

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Come leggere il tassobox
Ginepro articolato
Tetraclinis articulata
Koehler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887)
Stato di conservazione
Rischio minimo
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
SottoregnoTracheobionta
SuperdivisioneSpermatophyta
DivisionePinophyta
ClassePinopsida
OrdinePinales
FamigliaCupressaceae
SottofamigliaCupressoideae
GenereTetraclinis
SpecieT. articulata
Nomenclatura binomiale
Tetraclinis articulata
(Vahl) Mast., 1892
Sinonimi

Callitris quadrivalvis
Thuja articulata

Areale
Tetraclinis articulata

Il ginepro articolato (Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast., 1892) è una conifera sempreverde della famiglia delle Cupressaceae, endemica della regione del Mediterraneo occidentale. È l'unica specie del genere Tetraclinis.

Distribuzione

È diffusa nelle montagne del Marocco, dell'Algeria e della Tunisia, con due piccole popolazioni a Malta e vicino a Cartagena, nel sud-est della Spagna. Cresce a quota relativamente bassa in un clima mediterraneo subtropicale caldo e secco. I generi più affini sono Platycladus, Microbiota e Calocedrus e con quest'ultimo la somiglianza è maggiore.

Descrizione

Il T. articulata è un piccolo albero a crescita lenta che generalmente arriva a misurare da 6 a 15 m, raramente 20 m di altezza e con il diametro del tronco da mezzo ad un metro, spesso con due o più derivazioni già alla base. Le foglie sono squamiformi, formate da numerose foglioline, mentre i frutti sono coni di 10–15 mm di lunghezza, verdi quando giovani, marroni a maturazione avvenuta dopo circa 8 mesi dall'impollinazione, e hanno quattro scaglie disposte frontalmente in due coppie. I semi hanno 5–7 mm di lunghezza e 2 mm di larghezza, con un'ala legnosa disposta su ogni lato. La pianta è una delle poche conifere cedue, adattamento necessario per sopravvivere agli incendi e ai flussi migratori degli animali.

Usi

L'albero viene usato come pianta ornamentale e può essere potato come una siepe. Viene anche coltivato a bonsai.

Dal T. articulata si estrae la sandracca, una resina usata nella produzione di vernici e lacche, spesso miscelata alla gommalacca; è particolarmente apprezzata per preservare i dipinti.

Il legno, ricavato dai polloni alla base del tronco, è ricercato per il suo motivo caratteristico e viene impiegato come decorazione su oggettistica e strumenti musicali. Commercialmente lo si trova spesso sotto il nome di radica di thuya o arar, da non confondere con thuja, genere di piante diffuso solamente nel Nordamerica e nell'Estremo Oriente. Il mercato in Marocco non è sostenibile e ha determinato la deforestazione di massa della specie. I cedui delle piante possono morire anche a causa del bestiame che si nutre dei giovani germogli fintantoché la pianta non è cresciuta a sufficienza.

Simbologia

È l'albero nazionale di Malta, dove è conosciuto come Għargħar (dall'arabo Araar) ed attualmente viene utilizzato a livello locale all'interno dei progetti di rimboschimento.

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Tetraclinis articulata[collegamento interrotto] GRIN database
  • Tetraclinis articulata ITIS database
  Portale Botanica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di botanica

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