Supergigante gialla

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Una supergigante gialla è una stella supergigante (classe di luminosità I) di classe spettrale F o G.

Nell'evoluzione stellare, la fase di supergigante gialla è una fase intermedia tra quella di supergigante blu e quella di supergigante rossa, propria delle stelle con massa compresa tra 9-10 e 30-70 masse solari (il limite massimo dipende dalla metallicità della stella e, in minor parte, dalla sua velocità di rotazione).

Si tratta di una fase di breve durata; per tale motivo si conoscono poche stelle appartenenti a questa categoria. Durante questa fase si registra una progressiva espansione dell'astro, come conseguenza delle mutazioni che occorrono nel nucleo della stella al termine della sua sequenza principale; così, una stella passa da un raggio di alcune decine di milioni di km e una temperatura di una decina di migliaia di K, all'inizio della fase, ad un raggio di alcune unità astronomiche ed una temperatura di circa 3000 K: la stella diviene così una supergigante rossa.

Principali supergiganti gialle

δ Cephei.

Una delle principali supergiganti gialle è Wezen, δ Canis Majoris; altri esempi, molto noti, di questo tipo stellare sono riportati nella tabella sottostante.

Nome Nomenclatura di Bayer Classe spettrale Luminosità (L☉) Distanza (a.l.)
Canopo [1] α Carinae A9 II[2] 20.000 310
Alrediph δ Cephei F5 Ib 2.000 891
Mirphak α Persei F5 Ib 5.400 590
Polaris α Ursae Minoris F7 Ib 2.500 325
Wezen δ Canis Majoris F8 Iab 50.000 1800
Sadr γ Cygni F8 Ib 65.000 1520
Sadalmelik α Aquarii G2 Ib 3.000 760
Azmidiske ξ Puppis G6 Iab-Ia 8.300 1300
Mebsuta ε Geminorum G8 Iab 7.600 900

Note

  1. ^ A. Domiciano de Souza, J. Zorec e F. Millour, Refined fundamental parameters of Canopus from combined near-IR interferometry and spectral energy distribution, in Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 654, 2021-10, pp. A19, DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/202140478. URL consultato l'8 marzo 2024.
  2. ^ R. O. Gray e R. F. Garrison, The Early F-Type Stars: Refined Classification, Confrontation with Stroemgren Photometry, and the Effects of Rotation, in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 69, 1º febbraio 1989, pp. 301, DOI:10.1086/191315. URL consultato l'8 marzo 2024.

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