Lingua gujarati

Disambiguazione – "Gujarati" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando l'omonimo blocco Unicode, vedi Gujarati (Unicode).
Gujarati
ગુજરાતી
Parlato inIndia, Tanzania, Kenya, Pakistan
Locutori
Totale62 milioni (Ethnologue, 2022)
Classifica24 (2021)
Altre informazioni
ScritturaAlfabeto gujarati
Tassonomia
FilogenesiLingue indoeuropee
 Lingue indoiraniche
  Lingue indoarie
Statuto ufficiale
Ufficiale inGujarat
Codici di classificazione
ISO 639-1gu
ISO 639-2guj
ISO 639-3guj (EN)
Glottologguja1252 (EN)
Linguasphere59-AAF-h
Estratto in lingua
Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani, art. 1
પ્રતિષ્ઠા અને અધિકારોની દૃષ્ટિએ સર્વ માનવો જન્મથી સવતંત્ર અને સમાન હોય છે.

તેમનામાં વિચારશકતિ અને અંતઃકરણ હોય છે અને તેમણે પરસ્પર બંધુત્વની ભાવનાથી વર્તવું જોઇએ.

Traslitterazione
Pratiṣṭhā anē adikhārōnī dr̥ṣṭinē sarvē mānavō janmathī svatantra anē samān hōy chē. Tēmanāmāṁ vicārśakti anē antaḥkaraṇ hōy chē anē tēmaṇē paraspar bandhutvanī vartavuṁ jōiē.
Testo in Gujarati del Dabestan-e Mazaheb e stampato da Fardunji Marzban il 25 dicembre del 1815
Testo in gujarātī

La lingua gujarātī[1] o gugiarati[2][N 1] (nome nativo ગુજરાતી) è una delle lingue ufficiali dell'India.

Al 2022 è parlato da 62 milioni di parlanti totali (in gran parte madrelingua L1)[3] ed è la lingua tradizionale dei Parsi dell'India.

L'alfasillabario gujarati (ગુજરાતી લિપિ, Gujǎrātī Lipi) è strettamente imparentato con quello devanagari: la differenza più notevole tra queste due scritture è che le lettere gujarati non hanno la linea orizzontale superiore che le unisce in una parola.

Lingua ufficiale

Il gujarātī è una delle 22 lingue ufficialmente riconosciute dall'allegato VIII della Costituzione dell'India.[4] È lingua ufficiale dello stato indiano del Gujarat.[5]

Gujarātī nel mondo

Paesi con una minoranza gujarātī:

Un distretto francese con una grande popolazione gujarātī è Réunion con 2,5 % di gujarātī.

Storia

Fonologia

Vocabolario

Categorizzazioni e fonti

Il vocabolario viene suddiviso in tre categorie: tatsam (તત્સમ tatsama), tadbhav (તદ્ભવ tadbhava) e prestiti dalle lingue arabo-persiano, inglese e portoghese.

Grammatica

Nel Gujarati gli aggettivi precedono i nomi, l'oggetto diretto viene prima dei verbi ed esistono posposizioni. L'ordine delle parole è di tipo SOV ed esistono tre generi e due numeri. Non esiste differenza tra articoli definiti e indefiniti. Un verbo è espresso con la sua radice verbale seguita da suffissi che delineano l'aspetto e l'accordo di quella che è chiamata forma principale con una possibile forma ausiliare che la precede, derivata dal verbo "essere", che evidenzia tempo e umore e mostra anche l'accordo. I passivi e i causativi hanno una base morfologica.

Note

Annotazioni
  1. ^ Il termine «gujarātī» è comunemente declinato al maschile: il gujarātī; è più rara, ancorché possibile, la declinazione al femminile (la gujarati), all'indiana.
Fonti
  1. ^ Gujarātī, in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. URL consultato il 1º dicembre 2024.
  2. ^ Bruno Migliorini et al., Scheda sul lemma "gugiarati", in Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia, Rai Eri, 2010, ISBN 978-88-397-1478-7.
  3. ^ (EN) What are the top 200 most spoken languages?, su Ethnologue, 3 ottobre 2018. URL consultato il 27 maggio 2022.
  4. ^ Germano Franceschini e Francesco Misuraca, 1.11. Le lingue del diritto indiano, in India: diritto commerciale, doganale e fiscale, Wolters Kluwer Italia, 2006, p. 16, ISBN 88-217-2356-9.
  5. ^ Gujarat State Portal - State Profile - Demography, su gujaratindia.com, Government of Gujarat. URL consultato il 27 novembre 2012.

Bibliografia

Dizionari

Grammatiche

Corsi

Fonologia

Panoramica sulla lingua

  • George Cardona e Babu Suthar, Gujarati, in George Cardona e Dhanesh Jain (a cura di), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, 2003, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5.
  • Andrew Dalby, Gujarati, in Dictionary of languages: the definitive reference to more than 400 languages, New York, Columbia University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-231-11568-7.
  • P.J. Mistry, Gujarati, in William Frawley (a cura di), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, vol. 2, 2nd, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • P.J. Mistry, Gujarati, in Jane Garry e Carl Rubino (a cura di), An encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present, New England Publishing Associates, 2001.

Gujarātī antico

Altro

  • S.N. Gajendragadkar, Parsi Gujarati, Bombay, University of Bombay, 1972.
  • Colin Masica, The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.
  • P.J. Mistry, Gujarati Writing, in Daniels e Bright (a cura di), The World's Writing Systems, Oxford University Press, 1996.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE4022525-2 · J9U (ENHE987007545845605171 · NDL (ENJA00562666

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