Jussi Björling

Jussi Björling

Jussi Björling (Borlänge, 5 febbraio 1911Siarö, 9 settembre 1960) è stato un tenore svedese, considerato uno dei più rappresentativi del ventesimo secolo.

Biografia

Johan Jonatan Björling, detto Jussi, era figlio di una pianista professionista e di un tenore di buona levatura (cantò al Metropolitan), che era anche un bravo maestro di canto e che scrisse un libro di tecnica vocale. Il padre, Jussi e due fratelli formarono il Björling Male Quartet, che dal 1916 al 1926 compì parecchie tournée in Svezia e negli Stati Uniti d'America.

Dopo la morte del genitore nel 1926, Bjorling studiò all'Accademia Reale svedese di musica col baritono John Forsell, debuttando quattro anni dopo all'Opera reale svedese nel ruolo del Lampionaio in Manon Lescaut. In pochissimo tempo aggiunse al repertorio Don Ottavio in Don Giovanni, il conte di Almaviva ne Il barbiere di Siviglia e Arnoldo in Guglielmo Tell, oltre ad affrontare poi progressivamente tutti i più importanti ruoli di genere lirico e lirico-spinto dell'operistica italiana e francese, nonché il repertorio liederistico. Ci vollero pochi anni per conquistare l'Europa: da ricordare in particolare le apparizioni all'Opera di Vienna (esordio in Aida con la direzione di Victor de Sabata nel 1936), Lucerna (Messa di requiem di Verdi con la direzione di Arturo Toscanini nel 1939), Royal Opera House di Londra (Il trovatore nel 1939), oltre a presenze a Praga, Berlino, Copenaghen.

Nel 1937 approdò negli Stati Uniti debuttando in un concerto alla Carnegie Hall, seguito da Rigoletto all'Opera di Chicago e, l'anno successivo, dal debutto al Metropolitan ne La bohème, accanto alla pure debuttante Mafalda Favero[1]. Aveva solo 26 anni e un ampio repertorio: dei 55 ruoli che avrebbe ricoperto, 53 erano stati già cantati sul palcoscenico. Per venti stagioni (con la sola interruzione della guerra e degli anni 1955 e 58), fino al 1959, fu una delle stelle più amate del Metropolitan, calcandone le scene in 123 rappresentazioni[2]. Si citano, fra i tanti, alcuni spettacoli inaugurali: Un ballo in maschera nel 1940, Don Carlo (primo spettacolo dell'era Bing) nel 1950, Faust nel 1953. Fu presente anche in altri primari teatri statunitensi, come San Francisco, Chicago (tra cui Il trovatore nel 1955, unica occasione in cui cantò con Maria Callas), Los Angeles.

Con l'eccezione, pressoché ogni anno, della Svezia, ritornò solo sporadicamente nei paesi europei, tra cui l'Italia: nel 1943 fu a Firenze ne Il trovatore, nel 1946 e 51 a Milano (Rigoletto al Palazzo dello sport e Un ballo in maschera alla Scala, rispettivamente[3]) e nel 1960, dopo oltre vent'anni, ne La bohème alla Royal Opera House di Londra, dove cantò nonostante una crisi cardiaca l'avesse costretto a interrompere la prova generale. Apparve per l'ultima volta in un concerto a Stoccolma nell'agosto 1960[4].

La sua carriera e vita vennero guastate dall'alcolismo, che peggiorò un quadro clinico già gravato da problemi cardiaci e depressione. Morì all'improvviso per attacco cardiaco all'età di 49 anni.

Repertorio

Repertorio operistico
Ruolo Titolo Autore
Florestan Fidelio Beethoven
Vladimir Il principe Igor' Borodin
Nemorino L'elisir d'amore Donizetti
Faust Faust Gounod
Roméo Roméo et Juliette Gounod
Canio/Pagliaccio Pagliacci Leoncavallo
Turiddu Cavalleria rusticana Mascagni
Vasco de Gama L'Africaine Meyerbeer
Belmonte Il ratto dal serraglio Mozart
Don Ottavio Don Giovanni Mozart
Un lampionaio
Renato Des Grieux
Manon Lescaut Puccini
Rodolfo La bohème Puccini
Mario Cavaradossi Tosca Puccini
F. B. Pinkerton Madama Butterfly Puccini
Luigi Il tabarro Puccini
Calaf Turandot Puccini
Conte d'Almaviva Il barbiere di Siviglia Rossini
Arnoldo Melchtal Guglielmo Tell Rossini
Gabriel von Eisenstein Die Fledermaus Strauss
Wilhelm Meister Mignon Thomas
Duca di Mantova Rigoletto Verdi
Manrico Il trovatore Verdi
Alfredo Germont La traviata Verdi
Riccardo Un ballo in maschera Verdi
Don Carlo Don Carlo Verdi
Radames Aida Verdi
Erik Der fliegende Holländer Wagner

Discografia

Incisioni in studio

Edizioni dal vivo (selezione)

Note

  1. ^ [1]archivio del Metropolitan
  2. ^ [2]recite al Metropolitan Opera
  3. ^ R.Celletti: Voce di tenore, Idea Libri 1989
  4. ^ Jussi Bjorling Society-USA

Bibliografia

  • Andrew Farkas con Anna-Lisa Björling. Jussi. Amadeus Press, 1996. ISBN 1574670107

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN96168 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 8349 1431 · Europeana agent/base/52208 · LCCN (ENn50019614 · GND (DE118637851 · BNE (ESXX858047 (data) · BNF (FRcb124030972 (data) · J9U (ENHE987007434870005171 · CONOR.SI (SL128353891

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