Campaña Admirable

Campaña Admirable
parte della guerra d'indipendenza della Colombia e guerra d'indipendenza del Venezuela
Data28 gennaio - 6 agosto 1813
LuogoVenezuela
EsitoVittoria degli indipendentisti
Modifiche territorialiil Venezuela diventa una repubblica indipendente
Schieramenti
Indipendentisti repubblicani Impero spagnolo
Comandanti
Voci di guerre presenti su Wikipedia

La campagna Ammirabile è stata un'azione militare condotta dal libertador Simón Bolívar che portò alla conquista delle province di Mérida, Barinas, Trujillo e Caracas da parte degli indipendentisti.[1] La campagna si svolse in contemporanea a un'azione analoga nella zona orientale del paese condotta da Santiago Mariño.

Antefatti

Dopo la caduta della Repubblica del Venezuela Bolívar fu costretto all'esilio prima a Curaçao e poi in Nuova Granada. Qui si unì alle forze militari locali combattendo per difendere i confini e per sconfiggere le forze realiste nelle città di confine. Dopo la presa di Ocaña, il 28 gennaio 1813, Bolívar si mosse contro le forze realiste presenti in Nuova Granada, conquistando la città di confine di Cúcuta, e sconfiggendo le forze realiste nella battaglia omonima il 28 febbraio.

Contemporaneamente il generale realista Juan Domingo de Monteverde armava le sue truppe e le dirigeva verso la parte occidentale del paese, minacciando la Nuova Granada indipendente.

Svolgimento

Da Cúcuta Bolivar chiese al governo delle province unite il supporto e il permesso per poter entrare nel territorio della defunta Repubblica del Venezuela. In virtù della sua popolarità e delle innumerevoli operazioni condotte in nome dell Province Unite il governo neogranadino accettò la richiesta mettendo a disposizione di Bolívar uomini e mezzi, oltre a quelli di cui già disponeva.

La spedizione era composta da due divisioni:

Bolívar entrò in territorio realista il 16 febbraio e marciò conquistando San Cristóbal, La Grita, Mérida e Trujillo. Dopo alcuni mesi di combattimenti Bolívar ottenne la vittoria decisiva nella Battaglia di Los Horcones il 22 luglio, che gli permise di occupare indisturbato Valencia e La Victoria nei primi di agosto. Per via delle ripetute sconfitte l'esercito realista si arrese il 4 agosto e due giorni dopo Bolívar entrò trionfalmente alla testa del suo esercito a Caracas.

Eventi posteriori

La riconquista di Caracas portò alla restaurazione della Repubblica venezuelana, tuttavia la creatura di Bolívar fu un'esperienza effimera e di breve durata: appena un anno dopo i realisti ripresero la capitale ed il Libertador era nuovamente in esilio in Giamaica.

Note

  1. ^ Arana, M., 2013, Bolivar, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-1-4391-1019-5

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