Arterite

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Arterite
Specialitàreumatologia
Classificazione e risorse esterne (EN)
ICD-9-CM447.6
ICD-10I77.6
MeSHD001167

L'arterite è un'infiammazione delle arterie, legata ad un processo infettivo o autoimmune[1].

Tipi di arterite

Sono state descritte varie tipologie di arterite, generalmente legate a specifiche zone corporee o organi:

Sintomatologia

La sintomatologia è generalmente aspecifica e ricalca quella di qualsiasi stato infiammatorio, con febbre e astenia.

Alcune tipologie di arterite possiedono tuttavia dei sintomi legati alla zona interessata: ad esempio, l'arterite di Horton tende a manifestarsi con forti cefalee.

Diagnosi

Trattandosi di un'infiammazione è possibile rinvenire le alterazioni laboratoristiche tipiche di questo stato, come:

La diagnosi specifica della tipologia di arterite richiede l'esecuzione di indagini strumentali.

L'arterite di Takayasu può essere facilmente visualizzata tramite un'angiografia o una TC con mezzo di contrasto, che permettono di identificare agevolmente le manifestazioni granulomatose a livello dei grandi vasi[2]. Stadi precoci della malattia possono essere individuati tramite risonanza magnetica, che presenta una risoluzione migliore rispetto alle altre metodiche[2].

La diagnosi di arterite di Horton richiede generalmente l'esecuzione di una biopsia a livello dell'arteria temporale.

Trattamento

Il trattamento di base prevede l'impiego di glucocorticoidi, che tuttavia vanno dosati a seconda della comparsa o meno di effetti collaterali, oltre che ovviamente in base alla risposta alla terapia[3].

Le arterite di eziologia autoimmune possono giovarsi di varie terapie biologiche, che risultano più gestibili e meno propense a dare effetti avversi[4].

Note

  1. ^ Kasper, Dennis L., Riboldi, Piersandro. e Vanoli, Massimo., Harrison principi di medicina interna : il manuale, 16. ed, McGraw-Hill, 2006, ISBN 8838624593, OCLC 799224789. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2018.
  2. ^ a b Dan Wen, Xin Du e Chang-Sheng Ma, Takayasu arteritis: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, in International Reviews of Immunology, vol. 31, n. 6, 2012-12, pp. 462–473, DOI:10.3109/08830185.2012.740105. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2018.
  3. ^ Anne Proven, Sherine E. Gabriel e Carlos Orces, Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomes, in Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 49, n. 5, 15 ottobre 2003, pp. 703–708, DOI:10.1002/art.11388. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2018.
  4. ^ Arsene Mekinian, Cloé Comarmond e Mathieu Resche-Rigon, Efficacy of Biological-Targeted Treatments in Takayasu Arteritis: Multicenter, Retrospective Study of 49 Patients, in Circulation, vol. 132, n. 18, 3 novembre 2015, pp. 1693–1700, DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014321. URL consultato il 5 settembre 2018.

Bibliografia

  • Joseph C. Sengen, Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine, New York, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-88-386-3917-3.
  • Harrison, Principi di Medicina Interna (il manuale - 16ª edizione), New York - Milano, McGraw-Hill, 2006, ISBN 88-386-2459-3.
  • Hurst, Il Cuore (il manuale - 11ª edizione), Milano, McGraw-Hill, 2006, ISBN 978-88-386-2388-2.
  • Eugene Braunwald, Malattie del cuore (7ª edizione), Milano, Elsevier Masson, 2007, ISBN 978-88-214-2987-3.
  • Gaetano Filice, Malattie infettive, 2ª edizione, Milano, McGraw-Hill, 1998, ISBN 88-386-2362-7.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

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