Apigenina

Apigenina
Nome IUPAC
5,7-Diidrossi-2-(4-idrossifenil)-4H-1-benzopiran-4-one
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC15H10O5
Massa molecolare (u)270,23
Aspettosolido cristallino giallo
Numero CAS520-36-5
Numero EINECS208-292-3
PubChem5280443
DrugBankDBDB07352
SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
irritante
attenzione
Frasi H315 - 319 - 335
Consigli P261 - 305+351+338 [1]

L'apigenina è un flavone presente nelle foglie di sedano e prezzemolo ed è l'aglicone di numerosi glicosidi naturali, come la roifolina e l'isovitexina. Un'altra buona fonte naturale è costituita dalle foglie di camomilla, di cui costituisce il maggior principio attivo responsabile delle sue proprietà spasmolitiche. Si presenta come un solido cristallino giallo e in passato è stata usata per colorare la lana.

L'apigenina è un potente inibitore dell'isoforma CYP2C9 del citocromo P450,[2] un enzima responsabile del metabolismo di molti farmaci. Nell'ultimo decennio, inoltre, è stato scoperto come l'apigenina possa condizionare l'attività di altri enzimi:

  • la 5'-nucleotidasi, che idrolizzando l'AMP genera adenosina, modulatore endogeno pleiotropico.
  • l'aromatasi, enzima umano responsabile della sintesi degli estrogeni (ormoni femminili);
  • possiede inoltre effetto negativo sulla fosfolipasi A2, enzima che scinde i lipidi di membrana per generare precursori di mediatori dell'infiammazione come le prostaglandine;
  • è anche provata l'azione inibitoria dell'apigenina su certe protein-chinasi della famiglia delle tirosina chinasi, come il recettore del PDGF, coinvolte nella proliferazione cellulare e nella genesi di certi tumori;
  • assieme al caempferolo (un altro flavonoide), è un naturale inibitore dell'enzima di conversione dell'angiotensina (Angiotensin Converting Enzime o ACE), bersaglio dei cosiddetti farmaci ACE-inibitori usati nella terapia corrente dell'ipertensione arteriosa;
  • al pari del flavonoide crisina è capace di interferire con l'attività enzimatica dell'isoforma 1 dell'adenilato ciclasi.

Quali di questi enzimi una volta modulati sia responsabile della sua nota attività spasmolitica intestinale non è noto. È sicuro tuttavia che la sua azione sull'aromatasi, sulle tirosina chinasi e sulla fosfolipasi A2, si correla bene con le sue proprietà di interferenza sulle cellule tumorali in coltura, come riportato dalla letteratura scientifica.

Glicosidi

I glicosidi presenti in natura formati dalla combinazione di apigenina e zuccheri includono:

Note

  1. ^ Sigma Aldrich; rev. del 05.01.2013
  2. ^ Si Dayong, Wang Y, Zhou Y-H, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhou H, Li Z-S, Fawcett JP, Mechanism of CYP2C9 inhibition by flavones and flavonols (PDF), in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, vol. 37, marzo 2009, pp. 629-634., DOI:10.1124/dmd.108.023416, PMID. URL consultato il 5 dicembre 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 dicembre 2008).

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