20 × 138 mm B

20 × 138 mm B
Tre proiettili da 20 × 138 mm B (a destra) confrontati con uno da 37 mm.
Descrizione
Tipoper mitragliera e fucile anticarro
OrigineSvizzera (bandiera) Svizzera
In servizio dal1930
Impiegata daSvizzera (bandiera) Svizzera
Finlandia (bandiera) Finlandia
Germania (bandiera) Germania
Italia (bandiera) Italia
Repubblica Sociale Italiana
Italia (bandiera) Repubblica Italiana
Polonia (bandiera) Polonia
ConflittiGuerra civile spagnola
Seconda guerra mondiale
Guerra d'inverno
Guerra di continuazione
Storia
ProgettistaWaffenfabrik Solothurn A.G.
Data progettazionePrima guerra mondiale
Specifiche tecniche
Tipo proiettileperforante
perforante-tracciante
perforante-esplosiva
esplosiva
esplosiva tracciante
esplosiva-tracciante-autodistruggente
esplosiva-incendiaria
da esercitazione
Diametro proiettile19,89 mm
Diametro collo20,90 mm
Diametro spalla20,70 mm
Diametro base28,48 mm
Diametro fondello26,86 mm
Spessore fondello2,43 mm
Lunghezza bossolo138,07 mm
Lunghezza cartuccia202,75 mm
Da Municion.org
voci di munizioni presenti su Wikipedia

La 20 × 138 mm B, conosciuta anche come Long Solothurn era una munizione svizzera per mitragliere antiaeree e fucili anticarro, largamente impiegata durante la seconda guerra mondiale. La denominazione standard indica il calibro e la lunghezza del bossolo, mentre la "B" sta per belted.

Storia

La Rheinmetall iniziò lo sviluppo di questa munizione durante la prima guerra mondiale per la sua mitragliatrice aeronautica pesante 2 cm Ehrhardt FlzK. La sconfitta della Germania e le limitazioni al riarmo impostele dalle potenze vincitrici bloccarono lo sviluppo dell'arma e della munizione. Per aggirare le clausole armistiziali, progetti e prototipi furono trasferiti prima all'olandese HAIHA, poi, in seguito al fallimento di questa nel 1929, all'azienda svizzera Waffenfabrik Solothurn A.G.. Questa era una filiale della Rheinmetall-Borsig e realizzava le armi che, secondo il Trattato di Versailles, non potevano essere prodotte (e possedute) dalla Germania[1].

Intorno alla munizione la Solothurn realizzò, nei primi anni trenta, diverse armi controcarro e contraeree, come la mitragliera Solothurn ST-5 ed il famoso Solothurn S-18/1000, utilizzato anche dal Regio Esercito. Con l'ascesa al potere del partito nazista nel 1933, la Germania diede inizio ad un poderoso riarmo. La munizione venne impiegata nelle varie versioni della mitragliera 2 cm FlaK[2] e, nel Regno d'Italia, sulle celebri Breda 20/65 Mod. 1935 e Scotti-Isotta Fraschini 20/77 Mod. 1941. L'uso di queste armi e della relativa munizione si protrasse ben oltre la seconda guerra mondiale in diverse forze armate europee, tre le quali l'Esercito Italiano e la Marina Militare.

Tecnica

La 20 × 138 mm B è una cartuccia antiaerea ed anticarro, a percussione centrale, con bossolo a collo di bottiglia, belted.

Le tipologie di proiettili offerti sul mercato dalla Solothurn erano di 11 tipi, indicate ognuna da un nome di donna[2]. Le munizioni furono prodotte anche in Italia, Germania[3], Austria e Finlandia ed erano ovviamente intercambiabili. Erano disponibili diversi tipi di proiettili con corona di forzamento in rame e bossolo in ottone, perforanti, esplosivi, traccianti ed incendiari. La Germania sviluppò avanzati proiettili perforanti in acciaio con camiciatura in alluminio oppure il "super perforante" 2cm Panzergranatpatrone 40 con nucleo in carburo di tungsteno. Le granate HE erano disponibili con spoletta ad impatto o ad impatto e ritardo pirico per l'autodistruzione.

Armi in calibro 20 × 138 mm B

Note

  1. ^ Da Municion.org.
  2. ^ a b Corsetti, op. cit. pag. 1.
  3. ^ Corsetti, op. cit. pag. 8.

Bibliografia

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