Karíbahaf

Mið-Ameríka og Karíbahafið.

Karíbahaf [1], Karabíska hafið eða Vestur-Indíur er haf sem afmarkað er af norðurströnd Suður-Ameríku, Atlantshafinu, Litlu-Antillaeyjum, Stóru-Antillaeyjum, Mexíkóflóa og Mið-Ameríku.

Flatarmál þess er um 2.754.000 km², dýpsti punktur þess er Kaímangjáin milli Kúbu og Jamaíku sem er 7.500 m undir sjávarmáli. Í því eru ekki færri en 7000 eyjar og hafinu er skipt í 25 yfirráðasvæði sem ýmist eru sjálfstæð ríki eða hlutar annarra ríkja.

Saga

Stórveldi Evrópu lögðu svæðið undir sig á 16. og 17. öld og börðust einnig innbyrðis um yfirráð. Eyjunum var þannig skipt í yfirráðasvæði sem nefndust spænsku Vestur-Indíur, bresku Vestur-Indíur, dönsku Vestur-Indíur, frönsku Vestur-Indíur og hollensku Vestur-Indíur, en mörk þessara svæða gátu verið breytileg eftir stríðsgæfu viðkomandi nýlenduveldis.

Tíð átök nýlenduveldanna og veikburða stjórn þeirra á svæðinu, auk þess sem Spánn flutti reglulega um hafið stóra skipsfarma af góðmálmum og eðalsteinum frá hinu mikla nýlenduveldi sínu í Suður-Ameríku, gerði það að verkum að Karíbahafið varð draumastaður sjóræningja fram á 18. öld.

Orðsifjar

Hafið dregur nafn sitt af Karíbum, indíánum sem bjuggu á eyjunni Hispaníóla þegar Kristófer Kólumbus kom þangað árið 1492, en Kólumbus sjálfur gaf svæðinu nafnið Vestur-Indíur.

Yfirráðasvæði í Karíbahafi

Lönd sem liggja að Karíbahafi

Tilvísanir

  1. ↑ Morgunblaðið 1997
Wikimedia Commons er með margmiðlunarefni sem tengist Karíbahafi.
Wikiorðabókin er með skilgreiningu á orðinu Karíbahaf.

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