Norda Makedonia

Por historiala Makedonia, del Antiqueso, videz rejio Makedonia.
Republiko Norda Makedonia
Република Северна Македонија
Standardo di Republiko Norda Makedonia Blazono di Norda Makedonia
Nacionala himno:
Denes Nad Makedonija
Urbi:
Chefurbo: Skopje
· Habitanti: 668 518[1] (2006)
Precipua urbo: Skopje
Lingui:
Oficala lingui: Makedoniana[2]
Tipo: Republiko
· Prezidantino: Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
· Chefministro: Hristijan Mickoski
Surfaco: (148ma maxim granda)
· Totala: 25 713 km²
· Aquo: 1,9 %
· Totala: 1 836 713[3] (2021)
· Denseso di habitantaro: 80,1 hab./km²
Plusa informi:
Valuto: Dinaro di Norda Makedonia
Veho-latero: dextre
ISO: MK
MKD
807
Reto-domeno: .mk


Norda Makedonia, oficale Republiko Norda Makedonia, olima Republiko Makedonia, esas lando jacanta an sud-estal Europa. Ol havas kom vicini Kosovo nord-weste, Serbia norde, Bulgaria este, Grekia sude, ed Albania weste.

Historio

 Precipua artiklo: Historio di Norda Makedonia

Dum l'Antiqueso granda parto di la teritorio di nuna Norda Makedonia esis parto di la rejio Peonia, di qua la populo originis de Trakia,[4] ma anke de Iliria e Dardania. En 336 aK Filip la 2ma konquestis Supra Makedonia, inkluzite la regiono di la nuna Norda Makedonia[5]. Lua filiulo, Alexandros la Magna konquestis la cetera regiono.

Dum Mezepoko la regiono influesis dal Bizancana Imperio e dal slavi. Dum la 10ma yarcento la regiono divenis centro dil Unesma Bulgara imperio, sub la regno dil caro Samuil la 1ma. Nova chefurbo establisesis en Ohrid.

Dum l'unesma duimo di la 15ma yarcento Otomani konquestis la regiono, qua divenis parto di Otoman imperio dum preske 500 yari. Dum Otomana dominacado, la regiono koloniigesis da Turki, qui divenis signifikanta minoritato. Dum l'Otomana administrado, Skopje e Monastir (nun Bitola) divenis chefurbi di separita regioni.

Serbia kaptis la regiono dum l'unesma Balkana milito en 1912. Dum Serbiana guvernerio, la regiono ne havis autonomeso. Pos l'unesma mondomilito Serbia divenis parto di Rejio di Serbi, Kroati e Sloveni. En 1929 la rejio rinomizesis "Rejio Yugoslavia".

Pos plebicito, Norda Makedonia nedependanteskis de Yugoslavia ye la 8ma di septembro 1991. Lando ne subisis interna milito pos nedependo, kontraste kun l'altra ex-Yugoslaviana republiki.

Ye la 11ma di januaro 2019, parlamento Makedoniana konkordis pri chanjar la nomo di la lando a Republiko Norda Makedonia.[6] Ye la 25ma di januaro 2019, parlamento Greka votis por aceptar la nomo-chanjo per 153 yes-voti kontre 146 no-voti.[7]

Ye la 27ma di marto 2020, Norda Makedonia oficale membreskis la Nord-Atlantikal Uniono kom 30ma membra lando.

Politiko

 Precipua artiklo: Makedoniana nacionalismo

Norda Makedonia esas parlamentala republiko. La prezidanto elektesas dal populo por 5 yari. La funcioni dil prezidanto esas nur ceremoniala, e la chefo di guvernerio esas la chefministro. Lu selektesas l'altra ministri.

La Parlamento havas unika chambro e povas havar de 120 til 140 membri, qui elektesas dal populo por 4 yari, elektita per proporcionala reprezento de 6 elektala distrikti. Tri ek la membri de la parlamento reprezentas la diasporo di Norda Makedonia.

Judiciala povo exercesas da la korti, di qui la maxim alta esas la Supera Judiciala korto, la Konstitucala korto e la Judiciala konsilistaro di la Republiko. La konstituco di la lando adoptesis en 1993, ed emendesis en 2001.[8] Ol limitizas la povi di la guvernerii centrala, e lokala.

Geografio

Topografiala mapo di Norda Makedonia kun lua precipua urbi.
Monto Korab, la maxim alta de Norda Makedonia.

Norda Makedonia esas lando senlitora. Ol reprezentas 35,5% de historiala rejio Makedonia. La lando havas 62 km di frontieri kun Serbia norde, 148 km kun Bulgaria este, 228 km kun Grekia sude, 151 km kun Albania weste e 159 km kun Kosovo nord-weste. La lando esas ordinare montoza, e lua maxim alta monto esas Monto Korab, havanta 2 764 metri di altitudo en la frontiero kun Albania.

Lua klimato esas transito inter Mediteranea e kontinentala. La mezavalora pluvo-quanto varias de 1 700 mm an la montoza regioni weste til nur 500 mm sud-weste.

Egeana baseno esas la precipua de la lando, kovranta 87% ek la surfaco di la lando. La precipua fluvii esas Vardar (qua ank esas importanta fluvio di Grekia) e Pčinja, enfluanto de Vardar qua naskas en Serbia. Ol esas longa de 135 km, di qui 83 fluas en Norda Makedonia.

Ekonomio

 Precipua artiklo: Ekonomio di Norda Makedonia

Demografio

Etniala mapo di Norda Makedonia en 2002.
Mohamedana Makedoniani dansas en la vilajo Gorno Kosovrasti.

Segun la demografiala kontado di 2002, Norda Makedonia havis 2 022 547 habitanti[9]. La demografiala kontado di 2021 trovis 1 836 713 habitanti[3], de qui 50,4% esis mulieri e 49,6% esis viri. Segun etnio 54,21% deklaris esar Makedoniani, 29,52% Albaniani, 3,98% Turki, 2,34% cigani, 1,18% Serbi, 0,87% Bosniaki, e 0,44% Valaki[3].

L'oficala linguo di la lando esas Makedoniana, linguo multe simila a Bulgariana, e parolata kom matrala linguo da 61,38% ek la habitantaro[3]. Albaniana parolesas kom matrala linguo da 24,34% ek la habitantaro, Turka parolesas da 3,41%, Romani parolesas da 1,73%, e minoritati parolas Valakiana (0,17%), Serbiana (0,61%) e Bosniana (0,85%)[3].

La religio kun la maxim granda nombro di adepti esas Ortodoxa Kristanismo, praktikata da 46,14% de la habitantaro, segun la demografiala kontado di 2021. Mohamedani esas 32,17%, katoliki esis 0,37%, e la cetera 21,32% praktikas altra religii o havas nula religio[3].

Kulturo

Fresko piktita en 1164 en Nerezi, proxim Skopje.

Norda Makedonia havas richa kulturo, kun distingiva arto, arkitekturo, poezio e muziko. La lando havas diversa anciena religiala loki, nun protektata, e multa freski piktita inter la 11ma e la 16ma yarcenti. La folklorala muziko influesis dal ekleziala muziko Bizancana.

La koquoarto influesis precipue da Mediteranea ed Otomana koquoarti, e min-multa grade, da Germana, Italiana e Hungara koquoarti. Ol uzas multa lakturi, vino ed alkoholala drinkaji produktata lokale, exemple rakia.

La literaturo di Norda Makedonia komencis kun la Literaturala Skolo di Ohrid, en 886, dum l'Unesma Bulgara Imperio. L'unesma skriburi en dialekto Makedoniana esis religioza texti, qui ne reprezentis specifika dialekto, ma mixuro di sud-estala dialekti del Anciena Slava linguo. La normaligo di la Makedoniana dum la 20ma yarcento posibligis la developo di moderna literaturo en la lando. Yen kelka moderna skriptisti Makedoniana: Krste Misirkov, Georgi Pulevski, Aco Šopov, Blaže Koneski e Gane Todorovski.

Futbalo, handbalo* e basketbalo esas la maxim populara sporti en la Norda Makedonia. Dum someri, eventas natala maratono che lago Ohrid, e dum la vintro, skio esas sporto multe praktikata.

Noti e referi

  1. Skopje - capital of the Republic of Macedonia
  2. Noto:Albaniana esas parolata weste de la lando, ensemble kun Makedoniana. Turka, Aromaniana e Serbiana ank esas parolata en kelka regioni
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of North Macedonia, 2021 - first dataset - Publikigita da Republic of North Macedonia - State Statistical Office - MAKSTAT. URL vidita ye 8ma di septembro 2023. Idiomo: Angla e Macedona.
  4. Bauer, Susan Wise: The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome (2007), ISBN 0-393-05974-X, page 518: "... Italy); to the north, Thracian tribes known collectively as the Paeonians."
  5. Who are the Macedonians? - Publikigita da C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. Dato di publikigo: 2000. Pag.: 14 ISBN: 1-85065-534-0 
  6. la parlamento Makedoniana konkordis chanjar la nomo - Publikigita da BBC.com. URL vidita ye 14ma di januaro 2019. 
  7. Macedonia and Greece: Vote settles 27-year name dispute - Publikigita da BBC. Dato di publikigo: 25ma di januaro 2019. Idiomo: Angla.
  8. BBC NEWS|Europe|Macedonia adopts new Constitution
  9. Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Macedonia, 2002 - Book XIII, Skopje, 2005. - Publikigita da State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia. URL vidita ye 10ma di februaro 2016. 
Commons
Commons
Commons havas kontenajo relatante a:
Nuna stati qui olim formacis anciena Yugoslavia Flag of the SFRY
Bosnia e Herzegovina | Kosovo | Kroatia | Norda Makedonia | Montenegro | (Serbia e Montenegro) | Serbia | Slovenia
Flago dil Europana Uniono Mapo dil Europana Uniono
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Negocianta stati: Islando - MontenegroNorda MakedoniaSerbiaTurkia
Peticionanta stati: Albania
Potenciala kandidati: Bosnia e Herzegovina - Kosovo

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