Valnoctamide

Valnoctamide
Image illustrative de l’article Valnoctamide
Image illustrative de l’article Valnoctamide
Identification
No CAS 4171-13-5
No ECHA 100.021.849
PubChem 20140
Propriétés chimiques
Formule C8H17NO  [Isomères]
Masse molaire[1] 143,226 7 ± 0,008 1 g/mol
C 67,09 %, H 11,96 %, N 9,78 %, O 11,17 %,

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le valnoctamide (DCI, USAN) est utilisé en France comme sédatif-hypnotique depuis 1964[2]. Il s'agit d'un isomère structurel du valpromide, un promédicament de l'acide valproïque ; contrairement au valpromide, cependant, le valnoctamide n'est pas transformé en son acide homologue, l'acide valnoctique, in vivo[3].

Indications

En plus d'être un sédatif, le valnoctamide a été étudié pour son utilisation dans le traitement de l'épilepsie[4],[5],[6].

Il a été étudié dans son utilisation pour la douleur neuropathique en 2005 par Winkler et al., avec de bons résultats : il avait des effets minimes sur la coordination motrice et la vigilance à des doses efficaces, et semblait être aussi efficace que la gabapentine[7].

RH Belmaker, Yuly Bersudsky et Alex Mishory ont lancé un essai clinique sur le valnoctamide pour la prophylaxie de la manie en remplacement de l'acide valproïque ou de ses sels, beaucoup plus tératogènes[8].

Effets secondaires

Les effets secondaires du valnoctamide sont généralement mineurs et comprennent la somnolence ainsi que de légers troubles moteurs, comme mentionnés ci-dessus.

Interactions

Il est connu que le valnoctamide augmente, par inhibition de l'époxyde hydrolase, les taux sériques de carbamazépine-10,11-époxyde, le métabolite actif de la carbamazépine, parfois jusqu'à des niveaux toxiques[9].

Pharmacologie

Le valnoctamide est un composé racémique composé de quatre stéréoisomères[10], qui se sont tous révélés plus efficaces que l'acide valproïque dans des modèles animaux d'épilepsie et dont l'un [(2S,3S]-valnoctamide) a été considéré comme un bon candidat par Isoherranen et al. pour un anticonvulsivant en août 2003[11].

Le butabarbital peut être hydrolysé en valnoctamide[12].

Références

(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Valnoctamide » (voir la liste des auteurs).
  1. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  2. Harl, « [Clinical Study Of Valnoctamide On 70 Neuropsychiatric Clinic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Treatment] », La Presse Médicale, vol. 72,‎ , p. 753–754 (PMID 14119722)
  3. Haj-Yehia et Meir Bialer, « Structure-pharmacokinetic relationships in a series of valpromide derivatives with antiepileptic activity », Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 6, no 8,‎ , p. 683–689 (PMID 2510141, DOI 10.1023/A:1015934321764, S2CID 21531402)
  4. (pt) Mattos Nda, « [Use of Valnoctamide (nirvanil) in oligophrenic erethics and epileptics] », Hospital (Rio J), vol. 75, no 5,‎ , p. 1701–1704 (PMID 5306499)
  5. Lindekens, Ilse Smolders, Ghous M. Khan et Meir Bialer, « In vivo study of the effect of valpromide and valnoctamide in the pilocarpine rat model of focal epilepsy », Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 17, no 11,‎ , p. 1408–1413 (PMID 11205735, DOI 10.1023/A:1007559208599, S2CID 24229165)
  6. Rogawski, « Diverse mechanisms of antiepileptic drugs in the development pipeline », Epilepsy Res, vol. 69, no 3,‎ , p. 273–294 (PMID 16621450, PMCID 1562526, DOI 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.02.004)
  7. Winkler, Simcha Blotnik, Jakob Shimshoni et Boris Yagen, « Efficacy of antiepileptic isomers of valproic acid and valpromide in a rat model of neuropathic pain », British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 146, no 2,‎ , p. 198–208 (PMID 15997234, PMCID 1576263, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706310)
  8. RH Belmaker, Yuly Bersudsky, Alex Mishory et Beersheva Mental Health Center, « Valnoctamide in Mania », ClinicalTrials.gov, United States National Institutes of Health, (consulté le )
  9. Pisani, Fazio, Artesi et Oteri, « Impairment of carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide elimination by valnoctamide, a valpromide isomer, in healthy subjects », British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 34, no 1,‎ , p. 85–87 (PMID 1352988, PMCID 1381382, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04114.x)
  10. Shimon Barel, Boris Yagen, Volker Schurig, Stephan Sobak, Francesco Pisani, Emilio Perucca and Meir Bialer, « Stereoselective pharmacokinetic analysis of valnoctamide in healthy subjects and in patients with epilepsy », Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 61, no 4,‎ , p. 442–449 (PMID 9129561, DOI 10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90194-6, lire en ligne)
  11. Isoherranen, H. Steve White, Brian D. Klein et Michael Roeder, « Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of (2S,3S)-valnoctamide and its stereoisomer (2R,3S)-valnoctamide in rodent models of epilepsy », Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 20, no 8,‎ , p. 1293–1301 (PMID 12948028, DOI 10.1023/A:1025069519218, S2CID 20755032)
  12. Freifelder, Geiszler et Stone, « Hydrolysis of 5,5-Disubstituted Barbituric Acids », The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 26, no 1,‎ , p. 203–206 (ISSN 0022-3263, DOI 10.1021/jo01060a048)

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