Sonate K. 61

Sonate K. 61
la mineur
, 156 mes.

K.60K.61 → K.62
L.135L.136 → L.137
P.15P. 16 → P.17
F.18F.19 → F.20
XIV 19 ← Venise XIV 20 → XIV 21

La sonate K. 61 (F.19/L.136) en la mineur est une œuvre pour clavier sous forme de variations du compositeur italien Domenico Scarlatti.

Présentation

La sonate K. 61 en la mineur est sans indication de mouvement. Il s'agit du seul exemple dans tout le corpus d'un cycle de variations[1]. L'œuvre de Scarlatti est liée à l'héritage ancien. Le plus direct est représenté par les toccatas de son père[2].

Le thème est court : douze mesures (six de la cellule mélodique et, amené par un petit pont, six de son conséquent, qui se termine systématiquement par un arpège, montant ou descendant, présenté soit à la main gauche, soit à la main droite). Toutes les reprises sont écrites et certaines accusent de légères différences. Les treize variations ne sont pas indiquées par des numéros et jouées sans interruption. Selon l'usage, elles présentent des formules de plus en plus chargées[3],[4]. Certaines doubles barres sont indiquées mais pas systématiquement à la fin d'une variation. L'édition d'Emilia Fadini en laisse de côté certaines. L'influence instrumentale directe est clairement la technique du violon, comme le fait remarquer Gerstenberg[4].

La première variation est en accords brisés à la main droite ; dans la seconde (mesure 25), le compositeur présente ces battues en tant que basse d'Alberti qui accompagne la mélodie quasiment à l'identique.



\version "2.18.2"
\header {
  tagline = ##f
  % composer = "Domenico Scarlatti"
  % opus = "K. 61"
  % meter = ""
}

%% les petites notes
trillCq       = { \tag #'print { c8\trill } \tag #'midi { d32 c d c } }
trillCqUp     = { \tag #'print { c'8\trill } \tag #'midi { d32 c d c } }

upper = \relative c'' {
  \clef treble 
  \key a \minor
  \time 2/4
  \tempo 4 = 88
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
  \override TupletBracket.bracket-visibility = ##f

      %s8*0^\markup{Allegro}
      a4. a8 | b8 e,4 b'8 | c a d b | e4 d | \trillCq b16 c d c b a |
      % ms. 6
      gis8 b e,4 | a4. a8 | b8 e,4 b'8 | c a d b | e4 d |
      % ms. 11
      \trillCq b16 a b8 gis | a e c a | 
      % ms. 13 
      \repeat unfold 2 { a'16 e c' e, } | \repeat unfold 2 { b'16 e, d' e, } | c'16 e, a e d' e, b' e, | e' e, c' e, d' e, b' e, |
      % ms. 17
      \trillCqUp b16 c d c b a | gis e gis b e8 gis, |
      % ms. 19
      \repeat unfold 2 { a16 e c' e, } | \repeat unfold 2 { b'16 e, d' e, } | c'16 e, a e d' e, b' e, | e' e, c' e, d' e, b' e, |
      % ms. 23
      c'16 b c a b a b gis | a8 e c a  \bar "||"

}

lower = \relative c' {
  \clef bass
  \key a \minor
  \time 2/4
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
  \override TupletBracket.bracket-visibility = ##f

    % ************************************** \appoggiatura a16  \repeat unfold 2 {  } \times 2/3 { }   \omit TupletNumber 
      < a c >4 q | < e gis b > q | < a c >4 < b d > | << { e4 d } \\ { c8 a b gis } >> | < a c >4 < d, d' > |
      % ms. 6
      < e e' >4 << { r16 d'16 c b } \\ { e,4 } >> | < a c >4 q | < e gis b > q | < a c >4 < b d > | << { e4 d } \\ { c8 a b gis } >> |
      % ms. 11
      a8 a, e' e, | a4 r4 | < a' c >4 q | < e gis b > q | < a c >4 < b d > |
      % ms. 16
      << { e4 d } \\ { c8 a b gis } >> | < a c >4 < d, d' > | < e e' > << { r16 d'16 c b } \\ { e,4 } >> | < a c >4 q | < e gis b > q |
      % ms. 21
      < a c >4 < b d > | << { e4 d } \\ { c8 a b gis } >> | a8 a, e' e, | a4 r4 | 

}

thePianoStaff = \new PianoStaff <<
    \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Clav."
    \new Staff = "upper" \upper
    \new Staff = "lower" \lower
  >>

\score {
  \keepWithTag #'print \thePianoStaff
  \layout {
      #(layout-set-staff-size 17)
    \context {
      \Score
     \override SpacingSpanner.common-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1/2)
      \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
    }
  }
}

\score {
  \keepWithTag #'midi \thePianoStaff
  \midi { }
}
Le thème des variations en la mineur K. 61, de Domenico Scarlatti.


Mesure 81, apparaissent des triolets de doubles croches qui se précipitent jusque dans la dernière variation, d'autant que les variations ne comprennent plus que dix mesures (81–90, 121–130, 131–140). « Leur énergie découle de la cohérence plutôt que de contrastes surprenants »[4]. Les manuscrits utilisent la figuration de triples croches, mais l'exemple ci-dessous est modernisé en valeur de doubles croches.



\version "2.18.2"
\header {
  tagline = ##f
  % composer = "Domenico Scarlatti"
  % opus = "K. 61"
  % meter = ""
}

%% les petites notes
trillCq       = { \tag #'print { c8\trill } \tag #'midi { d32 c d c } }

upper = \relative c'' {
  \clef treble 
  \key a \minor
  \time 2/4
  \tempo 4 = 88
  \omit Staff.TimeSignature
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
  \override TupletBracket.bracket-visibility = ##f
  \omit TupletNumber

      % ms. 130
      a4 r4  |
      % ms. 131
      < c e >8 < a c > < gis b > < a c > | < b d > < gis b > q < b d > |
      % ms. 133
      < a c >8 < a e' > < gis d' > < gis f' > | < a e' > < c e > < b d > < a c > | < a c > < gis b >16 < fis a > < gis b >4 | 
      % ms. 136
      < c e >8 < a c > < gis b > < a c > | < b d > < gis b > q < b d > | < a c > < c e >  \times 2/3 { d16[ c b]  b16 c d  } \times 2/3 { e16[ a g] f16 e d } < a c >8 < gis b >  | a4 r4 |
      % ms. 141
      a16 e fis gis a b c d | < c e >4 r4 | d16 d, e fis gis a b c | < b d >4 r4 | < c e >4  a' | < b, d > q |
      % ms. 147
      \trillCq b16 c d c b a | gis e fis gis a b c d | e d c b  a g f e | d' c b a gis fis e d | c' b a g f e d c |
      % ms. 152
      b'16 e d e  a, d c d | gis,8 a b c d e f gis | a16 a, d b < a c >8   \tempo 4 = 60 < gis b > |   \tempo 4 = 40 < c, e a >4 r4 \bar "|." 

}

lower = \relative c' {
  \clef bass
  \key a \minor
  \time 2/4
  \omit Staff.TimeSignature
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
  \override TupletBracket.bracket-visibility = ##f
  \set Score.currentBarNumber = #130
  \omit TupletNumber
    \bar ""

      % ms. 130
    % ************************************** \appoggiatura a16  \repeat unfold 2 {  } \times 2/3 { }   \omit TupletNumber 
      a,8 c e a  |  \times 2/3 { a16 b c  c16[ d e] }  \times 2/3 { e16 d c  c16[ b a] }  |  \times 2/3 { gis16 a b b16[ c d] }  \times 2/3 { d16 c b  b16[ a gis] } |
      % ms. 133
      \times 2/3 { a16 b c c16[ b a] }  \times 2/3 { b16 c d  d16[ c b] }  | \times 2/3 { c16 b a a16[ b c] }  \times 2/3 { d16 c d  b16[ c d] }   | e8 e, e'16 d c b | 
      % ms. 136
      \times 2/3 { a16 b c  c16[ d e] }  \times 2/3 { e16 d c  c16[ b a] }  |  \times 2/3 { gis16 a b b16[ c d] }  \times 2/3 { d16 c b  b16[ a gis] } | \times 2/3 { a16 b c c16[ b a] }  \times 2/3 { b16 c d  d16[ c b] } 
      % ms. 139
      c8 d e e, | a e c a | < a a' >4 r4 | 
      % ms. 142
      a16 b c d e fis gis a | b,4 r4 | b16 c d e fis gis a b | c, c' b c c, c' b a | b, b' a b b, b' a gis |
      % ms. 147
      a4 d, | e4. d8 | c16 d e f g a b c | b, c d e fis gis a b | a, b c d e fis gis a | 
      % ms. 152
      g,16 g' f g f, f' e f | e, e' fis, fis' gis, gis' a, a' | b, b' c, c' d, d' c b | c8 d e e, | < a, e' a >4-\tweak stencil ##f \p r4 |

}

thePianoStaff = \new PianoStaff <<
    %\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Clav."
    \new Staff = "upper" \upper
    \new Staff = "lower" \lower
  >>

\score {
  \keepWithTag #'print \thePianoStaff
  \layout {
      indent = #0
      #(layout-set-staff-size 17)
    \context {
      \Score
      \override SpacingSpanner.common-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1/2)
      \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
      \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
    }
  }
}

\score {
  \keepWithTag #'midi \thePianoStaff
  \midi { }
}
Fin des variations en la mineur K. 61, de Domenico Scarlatti.


L'unique manuscrit est le numéro 20 du volume XIV (Ms. 9770) de Venise (1742), copié pour Maria Barbara[5].

Venise XIV 20.

Interprètes

La sonate K. 61 est défendue au piano, notamment par Gottlieb Wallisch (2007, Naxos, vol. 11), Claire Huangci (2015, Berlin Classics) ; au clavecin par Scott Ross (1985, Erato)[6], Ottavio Dantone (1997, Stradivarius), Richard Lester (2005, Nimbus, vol. 6), Pieter-Jan Belder (Brilliant Classics, vol. 2), Francesco Cera (Tactus, vol. 2). Andrea Marcon (1996, Divox) l'interprète à l'orgue.

Notes et références

  1. Sutcliffe 2008, p. 146.
  2. Sutcliffe 2008, p. 67.
  3. Chambure 1985, p. 178.
  4. a b et c (en) Christopher Hail, « Catalogue » (version du sur Internet Archive), p. 468–469.
  5. Kirkpatrick 1982, p. 46x.
  6. Victor Tribot Laspière, « Au Château d’Assas, sur les traces de Scott Ross et de Scarlatti », sur France Musique, (consulté le ).

Sources

Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article : document utilisé comme source pour la rédaction de cet article.

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