Shvetambara

Acharya Chandana, une nonne jaïne, avec un veau.

La branche shvetambara (IAST śvetāmbara) est un des deux courants du jaïnisme, l'autre étant la branche dite digambara. Shvetambara veut dire vêtu de blanc, autrement dit « vêtu d'une robe blanche »; car, contrairement aux ascètes masculins digambara, les ascètes masculins shvetamabara ne sont pas nus[1].

Les fidèles shvetambara suivent les mêmes textes majeurs que les fidèles digambara, principalement le Tattvartha Sutra. La plupart de leurs pratiques, rituels, festivals et pèlerinages sont identiques. Contrairement aux Digambaras, qui pensent qu'il faut être un ascète nu, un mendiant nu pour ne pas être attaché aux choses matérielles, les Shvetambaras pensent que le vêtement blanc en coton convient à l'ascétisme. De même, ils pensent que les femmes peuvent atteindre la libération (moksha) tout autant que les hommes, alors que selon les Digambaras, les femmes doivent renaître sous forme masculine pour se libérer du karma.

Beaucoup de moines et nonnes shvetambara portent au visage un Muhapatti (en), un masque qui a pour but d’empêcher la salive de couler sur les textes sacrés et que les insectes puissent être accidentellement avalés, chaque vie étant considérée comme sacrée.

Les points de vue divergent aussi quelque peu sur la vie de certains Tirthankaras, les Maîtres éveillés du jaïnisme et leurs disciples[2].

Notes et références

  1. Kristi L. Wiley, The A to Z of Jainism, Vision Books, p. 208 (ISBN 8-170-94681-6)
  2. Natubhai Shah, Jainism. The World of Conquerors, vol. I, p. 72 (ISBN 8-120-81938-1)

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Pierre Amiel, B.A.-BA du Jaïnisme, Grez-sur-Loing, Éditions Pardès, 2008, 128 p. (ISBN 978-2-867-14411-0)

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