Parti communiste malais

Parti communiste malais
(ms) Parti Komunis Malaya
(zh) 馬來亞共產黨
(ta) மலாயா கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி
Image illustrative de l’article Parti communiste malais
Logotype officiel.
Présentation
Fondateurs
  • Lei Kuang-juan
  • Wu Ching
  • Wei Ching-chow
  • Lin Ching-chung
  • Chen Shao-chang
Fondation
Disparition
Organisation paramilitaire
Slogan « Prolétaires de tous les pays, unissez-vous ! »
Kaum buruh semua negeri, bersatulah!
Positionnement Extrême gauche
Idéologie Communisme
Marxisme-léninisme
Maoïsme
Anti-impérialisme
Adhérents 40 000 (1939)
Couleurs Rouge

Le parti communiste malais, officiellement le Parti communiste de Malaisie, est un parti politique de Malaisie, fondé en 1930 dans le contexte de la colonisation britannique et de la montée internationale du communisme et la création du Parti communiste chinois. De 1941 à 1945, le parti organise une résistance clandestine contre l'envahisseur japonais. Après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il lance une insurrection contre le gouvernement malais pro-britannique dès 1948 et entreprend la formation d'une branche militaire, l'Armée de Libération des Peuples de Malaisie. Celle-ci subit un échec et son dirigeant, Ching Peng, est contraint à l'exil en 1960, après une dizaine d'années de guérilla.

Le parti est officiellement dissous en 1989, lorsque la guérilla accepte officiellement de déposer les armes.

Journaux et manifestes

Le parti est connu pour avoir écrit de nombreux manifestes contre les « impérialistes » à la fois britanniques et japonais :

  • 1940 : manifeste appelant à l'expulsion des Britanniques ;
  •  : Anti-Japanese Program (9 points) ;
  •  : Manifeste en 8 points. Modéré, il exprime l'espoir que les Britanniques envisageraient d'accorder l'autonomie gouvernementale en Malaisie ;
  •  : demande d'autonomie gouvernementale. La Malaisie doit être autorisée à contrôler sa propre défense nationale et ses relations étrangères. Autres demandes : liberté d'expression, de publication et de réunion, des augmentations de salaires, et la fin des restrictions sur le commerce, transport et voyage.

Il comprenait plusieurs journaux tels que Charn Yew Pau, MCP Review, Min Pao, Min Sheng Pau et Sin Min Chu, tous rendus illégaux par le gouvernement fédéral.

Notes et références

  1. Lee, T. H. (1996). The Basic Aims or Objectives of the Malayan Communist Movement. In T. H. Lee, The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore (pp. 2-29). Singapore : South Seas Society.

Bibliographie

  • Boon Kheng Cheah, Red Star over Malaya : resistance and social conflict during and after the Japanese occupation of Malaya, 1941-1946, Singapour, Singapore University Press, , 366 p. (ISBN 978-9971-69-274-2, lire en ligne)
  • Edgar O'Ballance, Malaya : The Communist Insurgent War, 1948-1960, Hamden, Connecticut, Archon Books,
  • Maidin Rashid, Memoirs of Rashid Maidin : From Armed Struggle to Peace, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, (ISBN 978-983-3782-72-7, lire en ligne)
  • (en) Anthony Short, The Communist Insurrection in Malaysa, 1948-1960, Londres, Frederick Muller, , 547 p. (ISBN 0-584-10157-0)

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