Albert V de Bavière

Albert V de Bavière
Albert V de Bavière (1545), peinture de Hans Mielich.
Fonction
Duc de Bavière
-
Titre de noblesse
Duc
Biographie
Naissance
Décès
Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata (à 51 ans)
MunichVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Sépulture
Nom dans la langue maternelle
Albrecht V. von BayernVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Famille
Père
Mère
Fratrie
Georg von Hegnenberg-Dux (d)
Mathilde de BavièreVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Conjoint
Anne d'Autriche (à partir de )Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Enfants
Blason

Albert V de Bavière dit Albert le Magnifique (né le à Munich et mort le à Munich) fut duc de Bavière de 1550 à 1579.

Biographie

Albert succéda aux affaires en 1550 à son père, le duc Guillaume le Constant, 4 ans après son mariage avec la fille du roi des Romains Ferdinand, Anne d'Autriche (1528-1590). Son amour des arts et des sciences naît d'abord de l'éducation donnée par son précepteur, Wolfgang von Posch de Dinkelsbühl, et est ensuite cultivé lors de ses études dans des universités italiennes où il découvre les œuvres des anciens grecs et romains avec admiration [1].

Il encouragea ainsi les arts et a augmenté les collections munichoises, faisant de la ville un centre baroque de la Contre-Réforme. Il a fait venir à sa cour le plus célèbre des musiciens de l'époque, Roland de Lassus, mais aussi des peintres et graveurs. Son goût du luxe lui fit contracter des dettes énormes se montant à ½ millions de florins.

Albert V et sa femme Anne jouant aux échecs, par Hans Mielich.

Dans le domaine religieux il s’oppose à Luther, et avec la maison de Wittelsbach en général, Albert V fut un des rares princes allemands à rester résolument du côté du catholicisme[2]. Sensible cependant aux sérieux besoins de réformes de l’Église il fait appel aux jésuites[2]. C’est à l'université d'Ingolstadt, créée par Albert V, que pour la première fois un jésuite accepte une charge stable d'enseignant (Claude Le Jay en 1544). Des collèges sont fondés à Ingolstadt (1556), Augsbourg, Munich (1559). L’influence et l’action spirituelle de Pierre Canisius sont déterminantes.

Albert V fut le tuteur et s’occupa de l’éducation de Philippe II, margrave de Bade-Bade, ainsi que de sa sœur Jacobée de Bade.

Il est enterré à la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Munich.

Mariage et descendance

De son mariage avec Anne d'Autriche, Albert a sept enfants :

  1. Charles, né et mort en 1547 ;
  2. Guillaume ( - ), épouse en 1568 Renée de Lorraine (1544-1602) ;
  3. Ferdinand ( - ), contracte une union morganatique en 1588 ;
  4. Marie-Anne ( - ), épouse en 1571 Charles d'Autriche, duc de Styrie (1540-1590) ;
  5. Maximilienne-Marie de Bavière ( - ) ;
  6. Frédéric ( - ) ;
  7. Ernest de Bavière ( - ), Archevêque et prince-électeur de Cologne (1583-1612).

Références

  1. Wilhelm Schreiber, Geschichte Bayerns in Verbindung mit der deutschen Geschichte, Freiburg, 1889, p.560
  2. a et b D’après l'article de Klemens Löffler, Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 15, The Encyclopaedia Press, Inc., (lire en ligne), « Wilhelm V, Duke of Bavaria »

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