Kristinusko Etiopiassa

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Tämä artikkeli kertoo kristinuskosta Etiopiasssa. Kristinusko on Etiopian suurin uskonto. Suurin kirkkokunta on Etiopian ortodoksinen kirkko, johon kuuluu 43,8 prosenttia väestöstä. Protestanttisiin kirkkoihin kuuluu 22,8 prosenttia väestöstä ja roomalaiskatoliseen kirkkoon 0,7 prosenttia väestöstä.[1]

Historia

Etiopia omaksui kristinuskon jo sen varhaisessa vaiheessa. Kristinusko saapui Etiopiaan noin 350 Frumentiuksen toimesta, jonka Athanasios vihki myöhemmin piispaksi ja uuden seurakunnan johtajaksi. Etiopian kirkko oli syntymästään saakka Aleksandrian kirkon haara.[2] Kristinuskosta tuli valtionuskonto jo 300-luvulla.[3] Etiopian kristinusko oli Aleksandrian patriarkaatin alaisuudessa ankaraa ja muodollista. Jäseniltä vaadittiin muun muassa 55 päivän paastoa sekä viikottaista paastoa kaksi kertaa viikossa.[4]

Muslimien vaikutus on ollut vahvaa Etiopiassa 700-luvulta lähtien. Jännitteet ja konfliktit kristittyjen ja muslimien välillä ovat olleet toistuvia. Etiopian ortodoksinen Tewahedo-kirkko on yksi niistä kirkoista, joka ei ole hyväksynyt Kalkedonin kirkolliskokouksen päätöstä Kristuksen luonteesta. Monarkian aikana Tewahedo-kirkko oli valtionkirkko, mutta se on menettänyt asemansa. Katolinen kirkko on ollut läsnä Etiopiassa 1500-luvulta lähtien ja protestanttinen lähetystyö saapui Etiopiaan 1900-luvulla. Suurimmat ei-ortodoksiset kirkot ovat evankelinen World of Life-kirkko sekä luterilainen Mekane Yesus-kirkko. Etiopiassa toimii myös kaksi suurta helluntaiseurakuntaa.[3]

Kirkkojenväliset järjestöt

Suurin osa protestanttisista kirkoista kuuluu Etiopian Evangelical Churches Fellowship-järjestöön, joka on yhteydessä evankeliseen allianssiin.[3]

Lähteet

  • Dué, Andera & Laboa, Juan Maria: Kristinusko 2000 vuotta. Helsinki: Kirjapaja, 1998. ISBN 951-625-516-7

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Countries: Ethiopia Central Intelligence Agency: World Factbook. Viitattu 10.8.2023. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Dué & Laboa 1998, s. 47
  3. ↑ a b c Maat: Etiopia World Council of Churches. Viitattu 10.8.2023. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ Dué & Laboa 1998, s. 68

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