Holocephali

Holocéfalos
Rango temporal: Devónico Medio-Reciente

Taxonomía
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Clase: Chondrichthyes
Subclase: Holocephali
Órdenes

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Iniopteryx del Paleozoico.

Los holocéfalos (Holocephali, griego "que es todo cabeza")[1]​ son una subclase de peces cartilaginosos (Chondrichthyes). Solo un orden, Chimaeriformes, y 47 especies sobreviven en la actualidad,[2]​ pero el grupo fue muy diverso en épocas pasadas. La mayoría de los expertos sospechan que este taxón es en realidad un grupo parafilético.[3]

Características

Poseen dos aberturas branquiales, cinco arcos branquiales, los primeros cuatro cubiertos exteriormente por una membrana opercular. En la mayoría del cuerpo no presenta dentículos dérmicos. Sólo unas pocas en los órganos copuladores del macho.[4]​ La mandíbula superior se encuentra fusionada con el cráneo. Sin dientes, poseen en su lugar unas placas anchas y lisas. Su dieta es omnívora.[5]

Taxonomía

Los holocéfalos cuentan con un importante registro fósil a partir del Devónico, con numerosos órdenes extintos; sólo uno ha llegado a la actualidad.[6]

Orden Desmiodontiformes
Orden Oreodontiformes
Orden Iniopterygiformes
Orden Eugeneodontiformes [n. 1]
Orden Petalodontiformes
Orden Chondrenchelyiformes
Orden Psammodontiformes
Orden Cochliodontiformes
Orden Menaspiformes
Orden Copodontiformes
Orden Chimaeriformes

Notas

  1. Los Eugeneodontiformes son considerados elasmobranquios por algunos autores.[7]

Referencias

  1. «Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico». Archivado desde el original el 18 de diciembre de 2009. Consultado el 21 de diciembre de 2009. 
  2. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (Editors). 2009. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2009). (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).
  3. Ommanney, F.D. (1971). Los Peces. Time Inc. 2232229. 
  4. Ax, Peter (2000). Multicellular Animals. Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-08874-6. 
  5. Integrated Principles of Zoology 14 th edition, Cleveland P. Hickman (2009)
  6. Mikko's Phylogeny Archive - Chondrichthyes
  7. The Paleobiology Database - Eugeneodontiformes

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