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	USS Laffey alongside another U.S. Navy ship, while at sea in the South Pacific on 4 September 1942
History
United States
Name	USS Laffey
Namesake	Bartlett Laffey
Builder	Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, San Francisco, California
Laid down	13 January 1941
Launched	30 October 1941
Commissioned	31 March 1942
Identification	DD-459
Fate	Sunk at the Battle of Guadalcanal, 13 November 1942
General characteristics
Class and type	Benson-class destroyer
Displacement	1,620 long tons (1,650 t)
Length	347 ft 10 in (106.02 m)
Beam	36 ft 1 in (11.00 m)
Draft	11 ft 10 in (3.61 m)
Speed	37.5 kn (69.5 km/h; 43.2 mph)
Complement	208
Armament	4 × 5 in (127 mm)/38 cal guns; 1 × 1.1"/75 caliber anti-aircraft cannon; 5 × 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons; 5 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes; 5 × depth charge projectors; 2 × depth charge tracks;

USS Laffey (DD-459) was a Benson-class destroyer of the United States Navy during World War II. She was the first destroyer named for Seaman Bartlett Laffey. She was lost in action on 13 November 1942.

Construction and commissioning

Laffey was laid down on 13 January 1941 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company at San Francisco, California. She was launched 30 October 1941, sponsored by Miss Eleanor G. Forgerty, granddaughter of Seaman Laffey; and commissioned on 31 March 1942, Lieutenant Commander William E. Hank in command.^[2]

Service history

After shakedown off the west coast, Laffey headed for the war zone via Pearl Harbor, arriving at Efate on 28 August 1942. She steamed in the antisubmarine screen until she joined Task Force 18 on 6 September. When the flagship— the aircraft carrier Wasp—was sunk on 15 September, Laffey rescued survivors and returned them to Espiritu Santo. She sailed with Task Force 64 and touched at Noumea, New Caledonia, on 18 September.^[2]

Laffey had her first fleet action in the Battle of Cape Esperance (also known as the Second Battle of Savo Island) on 11 and 12 October 1942. The destroyer operated with Admiral Norman Scott's cruiser group, guarding against enemy attempts to reinforce Guadalcanal. On 11 October, when the group formed into single column, Laffey joined two other destroyers in the van. About an hour later, sailors ran to their battle stations, steel doors clanged shut, and all made ready for battle. When the engagement began, Laffey raked the cruiser Aoba with three of her 5-inch (127 mm) guns. The furious gunfire roared on through the night. At dawn, destroyer Duncan was sinking, Farenholt was badly damaged, and cruiser Boise, though hard hit, had weathered several powerful blows. However, the Japanese losses were even greater. Furutaka was sinking, Aoba was badly damaged, and Fubuki had sunk.^[2]

After the battle, Laffey met with a group escorting transports from Nouméa on 11 November, and sailed to Lunga Point, arriving the next day. The disembarking operations were interrupted by a heavy air attack. On 13 November, Laffey was placed in the van of a column of eight destroyers and five cruisers under Admiral Daniel J. Callaghan. Early in the midwatch, the radar operator reported contact with the enemy. It was a Japanese force of two battleships, one light cruiser, and 14 destroyers, under Vice Admiral Hiroaki Abe, and the First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal began. Laffey lashed out at the enemy with gunfire and torpedoes. At the height of the violent battle, the battleship Hiei came through the darkness and both ships headed at full speed for the same spot.^[2] They missed colliding by 20 feet (6 m).^[3]^[4]^[5] Laffey unleashed her torpedoes and, using all her firepower, raked the battleship's bridge,^[2] wounding Admiral Abe, and killing his chief of staff.^[3]^[6] Admiral Abe was thereafter limited in his ability to direct his ships for the rest of the battle.^[7] With a battleship on her stern, a second on her port beam, and the destroyers Yukikaze and Terizuki on her port bow, Laffey fought the Japanese ships with the three remaining main battery guns in a no-quarter duel at point-blank range. She was hit by a 14-inch (356 mm) shell from Hiei. Then, a torpedo fired from Yukikaze hit aft, blowing her fantail clean off, which served as the final blow as Laffey was put out of action.^[8] As the order to abandon ship was passed, a violent explosion ripped the destroyer apart and she sank immediately with heavy loss of life.^[2] This action earned her the Presidential Unit Citation.^[2]

Of the 247 crew members aboard, 59 were killed, including the commanding officer, William E. Hank. The wounded in the engagement numbered 116.^[9]

Awards

Laffey was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for her performance in the South Pacific, and three battle stars for service in World War II.^[2]

Service ribbons

Presidential Unit Citation

American Campaign Medal

Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with three bronze service stars

World War II Victory Medal

References

^ Brown p. 73
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Laffey I (DD-459)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
^ ^a ^b Morison, Struggle for Guadalcanal, p. 244
^ Hammel, Guadalcanal: Decision at Sea, p. 137–141
^ Jameson, The Battle of Guadalcanal, p. 22 says, "Only by speeding up did the Laffey manage to cross the enemy's bows with a few feet (metres) to spare."
^ Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 146.
^ Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 148.
^ "Long Lancers". www.combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
^ "USS Laffey website". Destroyer History Foundation. Retrieved 10 October 2015.

Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. London, Great Britain: Arms and Armour. ISBN 0-85368-802-8.
Hammel, Eric (1988). Guadalcanal: Decision at Sea: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, November 13–15, 1942. (CA): Pacifica Press. ISBN 0-517-56952-3.
Hara, Tameichi (1961). "Part Three, The "Tokyo Express"". Japanese Destroyer Captain. New York & Toronto: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-27894-1.- Firsthand account of the first engagement of the battle by the captain of the Japanese destroyer Amatsukaze.
Jameson, Colin G. (1944). "The Battle of Guadalcanal, 11–15 November 1942". Publications Branch, Office of Naval Intelligence, United States Navy (Somewhat inaccurate on the details of actual damage done to and actions by Japanese ships). Retrieved 8 April 2006.
Morison, Samuel Eliot (1958). "The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 12–15 November 1942". The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943, vol. 5 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-58305-7.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.