Timeline of Tangier

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tangier, Morocco.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Ancient Ages

• 42 CE – Tingis becomes capital of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana.^[1]
• 429 CE – Vandals take Tingis.^[1]

Middle Ages

• 534 - Conquered by the Eastern Roman Empire ^{[citation needed]}
• 700s – Arab rule begins.
• 927 – Caliphate of Córdoba
• 1026 – Taifa of Málaga
• 1026 – Taifa of Ceuta
• 1078 – Almoravid dynasty rule^[2]
• 1147 – Almohad dynasty
• 1244 – Marinid dynasty (1244–1465).
• 1304 – Ibn Battuta is born.
• 1437 – Battle of Tangier, attempt by a Portuguese expeditionary force to seize the citadel of Tangier, and their subsequent defeat by the armies of the Marinid sultanate .
• 1471 – Portuguese of Tangier rule (1471–1661) begins, under Afonso V of Portugal.^[3][4][2]
• 1580 - Spain in power.^[4] (Iberian Union)
• 1656 - Portugal in power again.^[4] (Portuguese Restoration War)

Modern Ages

• 1661 – English Tangier (1661–1684), English colonial rule.^[5][4]
• 1677 – The English banished all Jews from Tangiers.^[5]
• 1678 – City besieged by forces of Moulay Ismail.^[1]
• 1684 – Moroccan rule begins with end of English Tangier.^[3][4]
• 1815 – Grand Mosque of Tangier rebuilt.^[6]
• 1821 – American Legation building in use.
• 1844
  • 6 August: Bombardment of Tangiers (by the French).^[4]
  • October: Treaty of Tangiers signed in city.
• 1883 – Al-Moghreb al-Aksa newspaper begins publication.^[7]

20th century

Tangier in 1901

Aerial view of Tangier, 1932

• 1904 – Journal de Tanger newspaper begins publication.^[8]
• 1905
  • La Dépêche marocaine newspaper begins publication.
  • Anglican Church of St. Andrew consecrated.
• 1905/06 - First Moroccan Crisis leading to the Algeciras Conference
• 1910 - Population: 40,000 (approximate figure).^[4]
• 1911 - Agadir Crisis & Treaty of Fes (1912)
• 1913 – Gran Teatro Cervantes opens.^[9]
• 1917 – Sidi Bou Abib Mosque built.^[6]
• 1920 – Gran Cafe de Paris in business.^[10]
• 1921 – Café Hafa opens.
• 1925 – Tangier International Zone in effect, per Tangier Protocol.
• 1937 – Dean's Bar in business.^[1]
• 1939 – Stade de Marchan (stadium) built.^{[citation needed]}
• 1940 – 14 June: City occupied by Spanish forces.^[5]
• 1945 – 11 October: City returned to international status.^[11]
• 1947
  • Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco gives speech at the Grand Socco.^[12]
  • American writer Paul Bowles moves to Tangier.^[13]
• 1948 – Cinema Rif opens.^[14]
• 1952 – 30 March: Political demonstration.^[5]
• 1956
  • 8 October: City becomes part of independent Morocco;^[3] Tangier International Zone disestablished.^[12]
• 1960 – Population: 141,714.^[15]
• 1973 – Population: 185,850.^[16]
• 1983 – Ittihad Riadi Tanger football club formed.
• 1993 – Population: 307,000 urban agglomeration (estimate).^[17]

21st century

Satellite view of Tangier, circa 2005

• 2005 – Rabat–Tangier expressway constructed.
• 2003 - Tanger-Med (industrial port complex) supervisory board created.
• 2006 – Cinematheque de Tanger opens.^[18]
• 2008
  • Tanger-Med port begins operating near city.^[19]
  • Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport new terminal building opens.
• 2011
  • Grand Stade de Tanger (stadium) opens.
  • Kenitra–Tangier high-speed rail line construction begins.
• 2014 - Population: 998,972 (estimate).^[20]
• 2015 – City becomes part of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima administrative region.

See also

• Tangier history
• Chronology of Tangier (in French)
• List of governors of Tangier, 15th to 17th centuries
• Timelines of other cities in Morocco: Casablanca, Fez, Marrakesh, Meknes, Rabat, Salé [fr]
• Timeline of Morocco [fr]

References

1. Rough Guide to Morocco. Rough Guides. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4093-3267-1.
2. Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
3. Aguiar 2005.
4. Britannica 1910.
5. Watson 1996.
6. "ArchNet". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
7. "Tangier (Morocco) – Newspapers". Global Resources Network. Chicago, US: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
8. "Morocco: Directory". Europa World Year Book 2004. Europa Publications. 29 July 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
9. "Lost in Tangier", New York Times, 10 September 2010
10. Shoemake 2013.
11. "Reestablishment of the International Regime in Tangiers". 330. US: US Department of State. 21 October 1945. pp. 613–618.
12. Susan Gilson Miller (2013). "Chronology". History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81070-8.
13. Christopher Petkanas (20 May 2011), "Last Casbah", New York Times
14. "Movie Theaters in Tangier, Morocco". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
15. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
16. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
17. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
18. "Morocco". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
19. The Report: Morocco 2012. Oxford Business Group. 2012. ISBN 978-1-907065-54-5.
20. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

• Ali Bey al-Abbasi (1816), "Chapters 2–4 (Tangier)", Travels of Ali Bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and Turkey, Between the Years 1803 and 1807, Philadelphia: John Conrad, OCLC 754174
• Arthur de Capell Brooke (1831). "Tangier". Sketches in Spain and Morocco. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. OCLC 13783280.
• "Tangiers" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (9th ed.). 1888. p. 46.
• H.M.P. de la Martinière (1889). "(Tangier)". Morocco: Journeys in the Kingdom of Fez and to the Court of Mulai Hassan. London: Whittaker & Co. OCLC 4428176.

Published in 20th century

• S. L. Bensusan (1904). Morocco. London: A and C Black.
• Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Maroc: Description des villes: Tanger". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. (+ table of contents)
• "Tangier" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 397–398.
• "Tangier", The Mediterranean, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
• Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Tangier". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 665+. ISBN 978-1884964039.

Published in 21st century

• Mark Ellingham (2001), "Tangier", Rough Guide to Morocco (6th ed.), London: Rough Guides, p. 79+, OL 24218635M
• Marian Aguiar (2005). "Tangier". In Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates (ed.). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
• Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Tangier". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
• Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008). "Tangier". Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO.
• Zoubir Chattou (2011). "Tanger à la croisée de nouvelles recompositions territoriales et de mobilités transnationales" [Tangier, transnational mobilities and territorial restructuring]. Méditerranée [fr] (in French). 116 (116): 133–138. doi:10.4000/mediterranee.5447 – via Revues.org.
• Martin Malcolm Elbl. Portuguese Tangier (1471-1662): Colonial Urban Fabric as Cross-Cultural Skeleton (Baywolf Press: Toronto and Peterborough, 2013) ISBN 978-0-921437-50-5.
• Josh Shoemake (2013). Tangier: A Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-376-4.

External links

• "(Articles related to Tangier)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.
• Christian Zimmermann (ed.). "(Tangier)". Research Papers in Economics. US: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (Bibliography)
• "(Tangier)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• Map of Tangier, 1943

35°46′N 5°48′W