Timeline of Marrakesh

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Marrakesh, Morocco.

Prior to 20th century

1070 CE - Marrakesh founded by Abu Bakr ibn Umar^[1]^: 59–63^[2]^: 83^[3]^[4]^[5]^: 208^[6]^: 22, 34 (or in 1062 according to some sources^[7]^[8]^[9]).
1071 - Ben Youssef Mosque built. ^[1]
1117 - Almoravid Koubba built.
1127 - Ramparts of Marrakech built.^[9]^[10]
1129 - Battle of al-Buhayra - City besieged by Almohads.^[11]
1132 - Masjid al-Siqaya (mosque) built (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
1147 - Almohads in power.^[9]
1147 - Kutubiyya Mosque first built.
1157 - Agdal Gardens laid out.^[12]
1158 - Kutubiyya Mosque re-built.^[10]^[7]
1182 - Scholar Al-Suhayli arrives in Marrakesh (approximate date).
1188 - Bab Agnaou (gate) built.
1190 - Kasbah Mosque completed.
1195 - Kutubiyya Mosque minaret ^[1]
1197 - New Kasbah of Marrakesh built.^[13]
1248 - Marinids in power.^[11]
1288 - Abu Yaqub in power.^[13]
1331 - Sidi Muhammad ibn Salih mosque built.^[10]
1350 - Traveler Ibn Battuta visits city.
1525 - Saadians in power.^[11]
1554 - Mohammed ash-Sheikh in power.^[13]
1557 - Zawiya of Sidi Muhammad Ben Sliman al-Jazuli built.^[14]
1565 - Ben Youssef Madrasa built.^[12]
1572 - Mouassine Mosque built.^[10]
1593 - El Badi Palace built.^[14]^[13]
1603 - Saadian Tombs built.^[14]
1606 - City taken by forces of Abd Allah.^[13]
1664 - 31 July: City taken by forces of Alaouite Al-Rashid of Morocco.^[9]
1746 - Mohammed ben Abdallah in power.^[9]
1900 - Bahia Palace built.^[12]

20th century

1906 - Population: 50,000 to 60,000. (estimate). ^[7]
1907 - Émile Mauchamp a French doctor, assassinated by a mob.^[7]
1912
- Mauritanian Ahmed al-Hiba in power.^[15]
- 6 September: Battle of Sidi Bou Othman occurs near city.
- September: City occupied by French forces.^[13]
- Fort built.^[16]
1919 - Guéliz [fr] area planned.^[15]
1923
- Marrakesh railway station built.
- La Mamounia hotel in business.^[17]
- Public library opens.^[18]
1926 - Population: 149,263.^[16]
1932 - Dar Si Said (museum) opens.^[19]
1943 - Tower of the Koutoubia Mosque painted by Winston Churchill
1947
- Majorelle Garden opens.
- Kawkab Marrakech football club formed.
1948 - Mouloudia de Marrakech football club formed.
1951 - Population: 215,312.^[20]
1973 - Population: 330,400 city; 436,300 urban agglomeration.^[21]
1978 - Cadi Ayyad University established.
1985 - Medina of Marrakesh UNESCO World Heritage Site established.^[22]
1987
- Marrakech Marathon begins.
- École supérieure de commerce de Marrakech (school) established.
1994
- August: Hotel shooting.
- Population: 745,541.^[15]
1996 - Musée Bert-Flint [fr] (museum) opens.^{[citation needed]}
2000 - École nationale des sciences appliquées de Marrakech established.

21st century

2004 - Population: 823,000.^[13]
2005 - Marrakech Biennale begins.
2009 - Fatima-Zahra Mansouri becomes mayor.^[23]
2011
- 28 April: 2011 Marrakesh bombing at Jemaa el-Fnaa.^[24]
- Stade de Marrakech (stadium) opens.
- TEDx Marrakesh begins.^[25]
- Population: 939,000.^[26]
2014
- August: 2014 African Championships in Athletics held in city.
- Population: 978,045 (estimate).^[27]
2015 - City becomes part of the Marrakesh-Safi administrative region.
2016 - November: 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP22) held in city.
2022 - October: Consulate of Poland established (see also Morocco–Poland relations).^[28]
2023 - September: A M_w  6.9 earthquake strikes Al Haouz Province; over 2,900 die and the city's historic landmarks was destroyed.^[29] Eighteen people die in the city.^[30]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Deverdun, Gaston (1959). Marrakech: Des origines à 1912. Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines.
^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521337674.
^ "Qantara - Les Almoravides (1056-1147)". www.qantara-med.org. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
^ Salmon, Xavier (2018). Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269. Paris: LienArt.
^ Wilbaux, Quentin (2001). La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2747523888.
^ Bennison, Amira K. (2016). The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Britannica 1910.
^ M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Marrakesh". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Thomas K. Park; Aomar Boum (2006). "Marrakech". Historical Dictionary of Morocco (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6511-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Grove 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Morocco: Marrakech". Archnet. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bosworth 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c Miller 2005.
^ ^a ^b Brill 1927.
^ "36 Hours in Marrakesh", New York Times, December 2010
^ Lola Souad (1993). "Morocco". In Robert Wedgeworth (ed.). World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). American Library Association. p. 585+. ISBN 978-0-8389-0609-5.
^ Katarzyna Pieprzak (2010). Imagined Museums: Art and Modernity in Postcolonial Morocco. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-1520-3.
^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Medina of Marrakesh". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "Morocco: Celebrating the First Female Mayor of Marrakesh". Global Voices. 29 June 2009.
^ "Morocco Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ "TEDx Marrakesh". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
^ "Utworzenie Konsulatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Marrakeszu (Królestwo Marokańskie)" (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
^ "'Fragile state': Fears for Marrakesh's ancient structures after earthquake". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
^ "Morocco's Earthquake Death Toll Jumps to 2,497 Victims". Morocco World News. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.

Bibliography

in English

Josiah Conder (1830), "City of Morocco", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
Leo Africanus; John Pory (1896), "Citie of Maroco", in Robert Brown (ed.), History and Description of Africa, vol. 2, London: Hakluyt Society, OCLC 2649691 (written in 16th century)
S. L. Bensusan (1904). Morocco. London: A & C Black. (includes Marrakesh)
"Marrākesh" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 753.
"Marrakesh". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1927. p. 296+. ISBN 9004097961. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
James A. Miller (2005). "Marrakech". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 948. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Marrakesh". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 319+. ISBN 978-9004153882.
"History". Marrakech. Time Out. 2007. p. 12+. ISBN 978-1-84670-019-4.
Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008). "Marrakesh". Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO. p. 246+.
"Marrakesh". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1.

in French

Paul Lambert (1868). "Notice sur la ville de Maroc". Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (in French). Paris.
Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Maroc: Description des villes: Merrakech". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. (+ table of contents)
Maurice de Périgny (1918). Au Maroc; Marrakech. Collection les pays modernes (in French). P. S. Roger et cie.
Jean-François Troin (1986). "Marrakech revisitée ou les villes dans la ville". Méditerranée [fr] (in French). 59 (4): 13–19. doi:10.3406/medit.1986.2423 – via Persee.fr.
Jean-François Troin (1995). "Fès et Marrakech: Evolution comparée de deux capitales régionales marocaines". Cahiers de la Méditerranée [fr] (in French). 50: 149–169. doi:10.3406/camed.1995.1143 – via Persee.fr.
"Chronologie". Marrakech (in French). Petit Futé. 2009. ISBN 9782746926042.
Anne-Claire Kurzac-Souali (2011). "Marrakech, insertion mondiale et dynamiques socio-spatiales locales". Méditerranée [fr] (in French). 116 (116): 123–132. doi:10.4000/mediterranee.5441 – via Revues.org.
Chloé Pellegrini (2016). "Parcours de petits entrepreneurs français à Marrakech" [French Entrepreneurs in Marrakesh]. Cahiers d'Études africaines (in French) (221–222) – via Revues.org.