SS Luray Victory

Typical Victory Ship.
History
United States
Name	SS Luray Victory
Namesake	Luray, Virginia
Owner	War Shipping Administration
Operator	Black Diamond Steamship Company
Builder	California Shipbuilding Company, Los Angeles
Laid down	March 11, 1944
Launched	May 11, 1944
Completed	June 30, 1944
Fate	Wrecked on Goodwin Sands, 30 January 1946
General characteristics
Class and type	VC2-S-AP3 Victory ship
Tonnage	7612 GRT, 4,553 NRT
Displacement	15,200 tons
Length	455 ft (139 m)
Beam	62 ft (19 m)
Draught	28 ft (8.5 m)
Installed power	8,500 shp (6,300 kW)
Propulsion	HP & LP turbines geared to a single 20.5-foot (6.2 m) propeller, by Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Essington
Speed	16.5 knots
Boats & landing craft carried	4 Lifeboats
Complement	62 Merchant Marine and 28 US Naval Armed Guards
Armament	1 × 5 inch (127 mm)/38 caliber gun 1 × 3 inch (76 mm)/50 caliber gun 8 × 20 mm Oerlikon
Notes	[1]

The SS Luray Victory was the seventeenth Victory ship, a new 10,500 ton class ship built during World War II. The California Shipbuilding Company built the ship under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. She was launched on May 11, 1944, and completed on June 26, 1944. The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2-S-AP3, hull number 17 (V-17). The SS Luray Victory served in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and was operated by the Black Diamond Steamship Company.

Design

Victory ships were designed to replace the outdated Liberty Ships. They would last longer and be able to serve the US Navy after World War II. The Victory ships differed from Liberty ships in that they were longer, wider, taller and faster.^[2] Victory ships had a thin stack set closer to the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle.^[3]

Christening

The SS Luray Victory was named after the city of Luray, Virginia, one of the 218 Victory ships named after an American city. She was launched at the yards of the California Shipbuilding Corporation in Wilmington, Los Angeles on May 11, 1944. The ship was the seventeenth in a long line of Victory ships, many of which were built at the California Shipbuilding Corporation ("Calship") yard.^[4] Her engines were built by the Joshua Hendy iron works in California.^[5]

World War II

During World War II, the SS Luray Victory operated in the Pacific Ocean bringing supplies to the US and the Allies. On November 30, 1944, the SS Luray Victory reached New Guinea. The ship was part of convoy GB 720 which carried supplies to forces fighting in the Battle of Leyte and the Battle of Okinawa. From June 26, 1945 to August 15, 1945, she prepared for Operation Downfall, the invasion of the Japanese home islands with exercises at Leyte. When Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945, the exercises were cancelled.

Shipwreck

In January of 1946, the SS Luray Victory departed Baltimore, Maryland. She was transporting grain to Bremerhaven, Germany as part of the Marshall Plan. She crossed the Atlantic Ocean at a speed near her maximum 16.5 knots. In the night of January 30, 1946, the SS Luray Victory entered the Straits of Dover. She had no local maritime pilot on board and was steaming too fast and too close to the shore. The ship ran aground at Goodwin Sands, off the coast of Deal, Kent, England. She hit the sandbank hard and the engines stopped. By 9:00 p.m. the chief engineer had informed the captain that the engines were unable to be repaired. The captain of the ship sent a radio distress signal to the coast guard. At 10:27 p.m. the coast guard found the ship. A rescue could not be made until morning due to a low tide and rough seas.

On the morning of January 31, 1946, the rescue tugs, HMS Lady Bassey and Persia tried to free the ship but the attempt was abandoned due to gale force winds. At 4:00 p.m., the coast guard returned to find the SS Luray Victory breaking up and realised salvage was impossible. The forty-nine crew abandoned the ship, moved to shore by Freddie Upton, the lifeboat captain.

The top part of the shipwreck was visible for fifty years at 51º-ll'-04N, 001º-31'-62E.^{[6] [7] [8][9][10] [11]}

On December 24, 1946, the SS Northeastern Victory was also wrecked on the Goodwin Sands.

See also

• List of Victory ships
• Liberty ship
• Type C1 ship
• Type C2 ship
• Type C3 ship

References

1. Victory Ships in Marine engineering and shipping review Babcock & Wilcox April 1944.
2. Jay, Michalsky (July 27, 2004). "Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War". National Park Service. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
3. Victory Ships National Park Service website
4. Victory Ships Shipbuilding history website
5. Long Beach Independent Long Beach, California p22 May 12, 1944.
6. Dover, MS Lady Bassey Dover ferry photos forums website.
7. Mariners the Website, Victory Ships Mariners' mailing list]
8. SS Luray Victory Wrecksite.eu website
9. Chamberlain D. The Luray Victory, Goodwinsands Walmer Lifeboat website
10. White M. D. The Port of Los Angelesm p79.
11. Luray Victory Getty Images website

Sources

• Sawyer L. A. and Mitchell W. H. Victory ships and tankers: the history of the ‘Victory’ type cargo ships and of the tankers built in the United States of America during World War II Cornell Maritime Press 1974, 0-87033-182-5.
• Victory Ships United States Maritime Commission.
• Victory Ships Archived 2005-09-22 at the Wayback Machine Armed guard website.