Victory ships were designed to supersede the earlier Liberty Ships. Unlike Liberty ships, Victory ships were designed to serve the US Navy after the war[3] and also last longer. The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, and had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure. They also had a long raised forecastle.
World War II
On Wednesday 11 April 1945 at 1:15am the Morgantown Victory hit a mine at 49°46′00″N0°21′00″W / 49.76667°N 0.35000°W / 49.76667; -0.35000 while joining convoy VWP 21, north of Le Havre, France. She had departed a path that had been swept of mines for the convoy. The mine hit the port side at cargo hold #5. This damaged the ship's generators. No one was killed and only three crew were injured. She had a load of cargo, including 386 tons of Army mail. Life boats were readied, but were not needed. The ship was towed to Le Havre by a Navy tug. On April 30 she was towed to Antwerp, Belgium and repaired in dry dock.[4][5][6]
In 1946 after World War II, Morgantown Victory was converted to a livestock ship, also called a cowboy ship. From 1945 to 1947 the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and the Brethren Service Committee of the Church of the Brethren sent livestock to war-torn countries. These "seagoing cowboys" volunteers made about 360 trips on 73 different ships. The Heifers for Relief project was started by the Church of the Brethren in 1942; in 1953 this became Heifer International.[7]Morgantown Victory made six trips to deliver livestock to war worn nations in Europe. Morgantown Victory delivered livestock to Gdańsk, Poland in December 1945. There were problems loading Morgantown Victory for her first trip to Poland. The US port was not equipped to load horses, it took three days to load. They arrived in Poland on Christmas Eve of 1945. The Polish port city of Gdańsk-Danzig was just flat after the war. Unloading the horses, took a long time also, the ship was still in Gdańsk-Danzig for New Year's Eve a week later. Departing Poland she ran into thick fog and then ran aground near Sweden.[8] She was able to get underway four days later. Morgantown Victory delivered poultry chicks to Poland in May 1946. She made three more trips to Poland in April 1946, July 1946 and January 1947.[9][10]
"Thirty-two cowboys back at sea, getting homesick as they could be, spent Christmas Day out on the deep, and dreamt of home while fast asleep." this was written by 23 year old Willard Bontrager who titled it “An Ode to Thirty-two Cowboys,”. Willard gave the poem to his crew at their Christmas program on December 25, 1946 at sea. Willard and the crew delivered 750 horses to Yugoslavia in December 1946.[11][12]
Morgantown Victory served as a merchant marine ship supplying goods for the Korean War. About 75 percent of the personnel serving in the Korean War were delivered by the merchant marine ships. Morgantown Victory transported goods, mail, food, and other supplies. About 90 percent of the cargo was moved by merchant marine ships to the war zone. Morgantown Victory made trips between 1951 and 1952. Morgantown Victory serviced in the Inchon-Seoul Operation, App E, Task Organization of Joint Task Force Seven.[13][14]
Sawyer, L.A. and W.H. Mitchell. Victory ships and tankers: The history of the ‘Victory’ type cargo ships and the tankers built in the United States of America during World War II, Cornell Maritime Press, 1974, 0-87033-182-5.
