Orders of magnitude (temperature)
Comparison of a wide range of temperatures
Temperature in °C compared to the thermodynamic scale in electron volts , which are also used as a unit of temperature
List of orders of magnitude for temperature
Factor
Multiple
Item
0
0 K
10−30
1 qK
10−18
1 aK
10−15
1 fK
10−12
1 pK
38 pK, lowest laboratory-produced temperature, achieved through matter-wave lensing of rubidium Bose-Einstein condensates.[ 1]
450 pK, lowest temperature sodium Bose–Einstein condensate gas ever achieved in the laboratory, at MIT [ 2]
10−9
1 nK
10−6
1 μK
10−3
1 mK
1
1 K
101
10 K
102
100 K
Infrared excitations
134 K, highest-temperature superconductor at ambient pressure, mercury barium calcium copper oxide
165 K, glass point of supercooled water
184.0 K (–89.2 °C), coldest air recorded on Earth
192 K, Debye temperature of ice
273.15 K (0 °C), melting point of bound water
273.16 K (0.01 °C), temperature of triple point of water
c. 293 K, room temperature
373.15 K (100 °C), boiling point of bound water at sea level
647 K, critical point of superheated water
737.5 K, mean on Venus
See detailed list below
103
1 kK
Visible light excitations
500–2200 K on brown dwarfs (photosphere )
1043 K Curie temperature of iron (point at which iron transitions from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic behavior and loses any permanent magnetism)
1170 K at wood fire
1300 K in lava flows, open flames
1500 K in basalt lava flows
c. 1670 K at blue candle flame
1811 K, melting point of iron (lower for steel)
1830 K in Bunsen burner flame
1900 K at the Space Shuttle orbiter hull in 8 km/s dive
2022 K, boiling point of lead
2074 K, surface temperature of the coolest star, 2MASS J0523-1403
2230 K, Debye temperature of carbon
2320 K at open hydrogen flame
2150–2450 K at open hydrocarbon flame
2900 K, color temperature of halogen lamps, black-body radiation maximum at 1000 nm
3695 K, melting point of tungsten
3915 K, sublimation point of carbon
4231 K, melting point of hafnium carbide
4800 K, 10 MPa, triple point of carbon [ 3]
5000 K, 12 GPa melting point of diamond [ 4]
5100 K in cyanogen –dioxygen flame
5516 K at dicyanoacetylene (carbon subnitride)–ozone flame
5650 K at Earth's Inner Core Boundary
5780 K on surface of the Sun
5933 K, boiling point of tungsten
6000 K, mean of the Universe 300,000 years after the Big Bang
7445 K, 850 GPa;[ 5] 8750 K, 520 GPa;[ 6] 5400 K, 220 GPa,[ 7] critical point of diamond/solid III
7735 K, a monatomic ideal gas has one electron volt of kinetic energy
8000 K, routinely sustainable temperature in an analytical inductively coupled plasma
8801 K, 10.56 GPa[ 8] 7020.5 K, 797 MPa,[ 9] critical point of carbon
Anionic sparks
Ultraviolet excitations
104
10 kK
106
1 MK
109
1 GK
1012
1 TK
1015
1 PK
1018
1 EK
1021
1 ZK
1024
1 YK
1027
1 RK
Everything 10−35 seconds after the Big Bang
1030
1 QK
1032
100 QK
1033
1000 QK
10290
10260 QK
Detailed list for 100 K to 1000 K
Most ordinary human activity takes place at temperatures of this order of magnitude. Circumstances where water naturally occurs in liquid form are shown in light grey .
Kelvin
DegreesCelsius
DegreesFahrenheit
Condition
100 K
−173.15 °C
−279.67 °F
133 K
−140 °C
−220 °F
133 K to 163 K
−140 to −110 °C
−220 to −160 °F
163 K
−110 °C
−166 °F
165 K
−108 °C
−163 °F
Glass point of supercooled water (Debatable)[ 15]
175.4 K
−97.8 °C
−144 °F
Coldest luminance temperature recorded on Earth (measured remotely by satellite), in Antarctica [ 16]
183.7 K
−89.5 °C
−129.1 °F
183.9 K
−89.2 °C
−128.6 °F
192 K
−81 °C
−114 °F
193 to 203 K
−80 to −70 °C
−112 to −94 °F
194.6 K
−78.5 °C
−109.3 °F
203.55 K
−69.6 °C
−93.3 °F
Coldest officially recorded air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere at Klinck AWS, Greenland (Denmark) on 1991-12-22[ 18]
205.5 K
−67.7 °C
−89.9 °F
Coldest officially recorded air temperature on the Eurasian continent at Oymyakon , USSR on 6 February 1933[ 19] [full citation needed ]
210 K
−63 °C
−80 °F
214.9 K
–58.3 °C
–72.9 °F
223.15 K
−50 °C
−58 °F
224.8 K
−48.4 °C
−55.0 °F
Coldest temperature that water can remain a liquid (see Supercooling )
225 K
−48 °C
−55 °F
233.15 K
−40 °C
−40 °F
234.3 K
−38.83 °C
−37.89 °F
240.4 K
−32.8 °C
−27.0 °F
Coldest air temperature recorded in South America, at Sarmiento, Argentina on 1907-06-01[ 24]
246 K
−27 °C
−17 °F
249 K
–24 °C
–11 °F
249.3 K
–23.9 °C
–11.0 °F
Coldest air temperature recorded in Africa, at Ifrane , Morocco on 11 February 1935[ 24]
250 K
–23 °C
–9 °F
255.37 K
–177 ⁄9 °C
0 °F
255 K
–18 °C
0 °F
256 K
–17 °C
1 °F
256 K
–17 °C
2 °F
257 K
–16 °C
3 °F
262 K
−11 °C
12 °F
263.15 K
–10 °C
14 °F
265 K
–8 °C
18 °F
265.8 K
–7.2 °C
19 °F
267 K
–6 °C
21 °F
271.15 K
−2 °C
28.4 °F
273.14 K
-0.01 °C
31.98 °F
Maximum temperature of an object causing frostbite
273.15 K
0.00 °C
32.00 °F
Freezing/melting point of fresh water (at 1 atm pressure)
273.16 K
0.01 °C
32.02 °F
276 K
3 °C
37 °F
277 K
3.85 °C
39 °F
277.13 K
3.98 °C
39.16 °F
279.8 K
6.67 °C
44 °F
Threshold of skin numbness if skin reaches this temperature
283.2 K
10 °C
50 °F
286.9 K
12.7 °C
54.9 °F
287.6 K
14.44 °C
58 °F
288 K
15 °C
59 °F
291.6 K
18.4 °C
65.1 °F
294 K
21 °C
70 °F
296 K
23 °C
73 °F
297 K
24 °C
75 °F
298 K
25 °C
77 °F
300 K
27 °C
81 °F
Thermoneutral temperature of an unclothed human at rest[ 35] [ 36]
Estimated melting/freezing point of francium
302.9 K
29.8 °C
85.6 °F
303.15 K
30 °C
86 °F
The rate of plant growth is typically no greater above this temperature than at this temperature. (see Growing degree-day )
304 K
31 °C
88 °F
Melting/freezing point of butter , critical point for carbon dioxide
307 K
34 °C
93 °F
307.6 K
34.4 °C
93.9 °F
308 K
35 °C
95 °F
309.5 K
36.4 °C
97.5 °F
311.03 K
37.87 °C
100.2 °F
Beginnings of a fever for humans
311.8 K
38.6 °C
101.5 °F
313.15 K
40 °C
104 °F
315 K
42 °C
108 °F
Usually fatal human fever
317.6 K
44.44 °C
112 °F
319.7 K
46.5 °C
115.7 °F
321.45 K
48.3 °C
119 °F
World's hottest air temperature recorded while raining, at Imperial, California , USA on July 24, 2018[ 41]
322.1 K
48.9 °C
120.0 °F
Hottest air temperature recorded in South America, at Rivadavia, Argentina on 1905-12-11[ 24]
Maximum safe temperature for hot water according to numeric U.S. plumbing codes[ 42]
Water will cause a second-degree burn after 8 minutes and a third-degree burn after 10 minutes[ 42]
323.14 K
49.99 °C
121.99 °F
Half-way point between freezing and boiling
323.9 K
50.7 °C
123.3 °F
329.87 K
56.7 °C
134.1 °F
333.15 K
60 °C
140 °F
Water will cause a second-degree burn in 3 seconds and a third-degree burn in 5 seconds[ 42]
Average temperature of a hair dryer
336 K
63 °C
145.4 °F
342 K
69 °C
157 °F
343.15 K
70 °C
158 °F
350 K
77 °C
170 °F
351.52 K
78.37 °C
173.07 °F
353.15 K
80 °C
176 °F
Average temperature of a sauna
355 K
82 °C
180 °F
355.6 K
82.4 °C
180.3 °F
366 K
93 °C
200 °F
367 K
94 °C
201 °F
371 K
98 °C
209 °F
Freezing/melting point of sodium
373.13 K
99.98 °C
211.97 °F
Boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure (see Celsius )
380 K
107 °C
225 °F
388 K
115 °C
239 °F
Melting/freezing point of sulfur
400 K
127 °C
260 °F
433.15 K
160 °C
320 °F
[full citation needed ] }}
450 K
177 °C
350 °F
453.15 K
180 °C
356 °F
483 K
210 °C
410 °F
491 K
218 °C
425 °F
519 K
246 °C
475 °F
522 K
249 °C
480 °F
525 K
252 °C
485 °F
538 K
265 °C
510 °F
Smoke point of refined safflower oil
574.5875 K
301.4375 °C
574.5875 °F
600.65 K
327.5 °C
621.5 °F
Melting/freezing point of lead
647 K
374 °C
705 °F
Critical point of superheated water
693 K
419 °C
787 °F
Melting/freezing point of zinc
723.15 K
450 °C
842 °F
738 K
465 °C
870 °F
749 K
476 °C
889 °F
773.15 K
500 °C
932 °F
Oven on self-cleaning mode
798 K
525 °C
977 °F
858 K
585 °C
1085 °F
Kindling point of hydrogen [ 51]
933.47 K
660.32 °C
1220.58 °F
1000 K
726.85 °C
1340.33 °F
SI multiples
SI multiples of kelvin (K)
Submultiples
Multiples
Value
SI symbol
Name
Value
SI symbol
Name
10−1 K
dK
decikelvin
101 K
daK
decakelvin
10−2 K
cK
centikelvin
102 K
hK
hectokelvin
10−3 K
mK
millikelvin
103 K
kK
kilokelvin
10−6 K
μK
microkelvin
106 K
MK
megakelvin
10−9 K
nK
nanokelvin
109 K
GK
gigakelvin
10−12 K
pK
picokelvin
1012 K
TK
terakelvin
10−15 K
fK
femtokelvin
1015 K
PK
petakelvin
10−18 K
aK
attokelvin
1018 K
EK
exakelvin
10−21 K
zK
zeptokelvin
1021 K
ZK
zettakelvin
10−24 K
yK
yoctokelvin
1024 K
YK
yottakelvin
10−27 K
rK
rontokelvin
1027 K
RK
ronnakelvin
10−30 K
qK
quectokelvin
1030 K
QK
quettakelvin
References
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External links